Musculoskeletal Function:
\nG.J. is a 71-year-old overweight woman who presents to the Family Practice Clinic for the first time complaining of a long history of bilateral knee discomfort that becomes worse when it rains and usually feels better when the weather is warm and dry. \u201cMy arthritis hasn\u2019t improved a bit this summer though,\u201d she states. Discomfort in the left knee is greater than in the right knee. She has also suffered from low back pain for many years, but recently it has become worse. She is having difficulty using the stairs in her home. The patient had recently visited a rheumatologist who tried a variety of NSAIDs to help her with pain control. The medications gave her mild relief but also caused significant and intolerable stomach discomfort. Her pain was alleviated with oxycodone. However, when she showed increasing tolerance and began insisting on higher doses of the medication, the physician told her that she may need surgery and that he could not prescribe more oxycodone for her. She is now seeking medical care at the Family Practice Clinic. Her knees started to get significantly more painful after she gained 20 pounds during the past nine months. Her joints are most stiff when she has been sitting or lying for some time and they tend to \u201cloosen up\u201d with activity. The patient has always been worried about osteoporosis because several family members have been diagnosed with the disease. However, nonclinical manifestations of osteoporosis have developed.
\nCase Study Questions<\/p>\n
Define osteoarthritis and explain the differences with osteoarthrosis. List and analyze the risk factors that are presented on the case that contribute to the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.
\nSpecify the main differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, make sure to include clinical manifestations, major characteristics, joints usually affected and diagnostic methods.
\nDescribe the different treatment alternatives available, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological that you consider are appropriate for this patient and why.
\nHow would you handle the patient concern about osteoporosis? Describe your interventions and education you would provide to her regarding osteoporosis.
\nNeurological Function:
\nH.M is a 67-year-old female, who recently retired from being a school teacher for the last 40 years. Her husband died 2 years ago due to complications of a CVA. Past medical history: hypertension controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Family history no contributory. Last annual visits with PCP with normal results. She lives by herself but her children live close to her and usually visit her two or three times a week.
\nHer daughter start noticing that her mother is having problems focusing when talking to her, she is not keeping things at home as she used to, often is repeating and asking the same question several times and yesterday she has issues remembering her way back home from the grocery store.
\nCase Study Questions<\/p>\n
Name the most common risks factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease
\nName and describe the similarities and the differences between Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Frontotemporal dementia.
\nDefine and describe explicit and implicit memory.
\nDescribe the diagnosis criteria developed for the Alzheimer\u2019s disease by the National Institute of Aging and the Alzheimer\u2019s Association
\nWhat would be the best therapeutic approach on C.J.
\nSubmission Instructions:<\/p>\n
Include both case studies in your post.
\nYour initial post should be at least 250 words per case study, a total of 500 words for both, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources per case study. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
\nYou should respond to at least two of your peers, by extending, refuting\/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
\nAll replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
\nPlease post your initial response before 11:59 PM ET Thursday, and comment on the posts of two classmates before 11:59 PM ET Sunday. NB: Responses to peers can be done on the same day, but not on the day the initial post is made.
\nYou can expect feedback from the instructor within 48 to 72 hours from the Sunday due date.<\/p>\n
________________________–
\nCase Study 1: Musculoskeletal Function<\/p>\n
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints. It commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine. Osteoarthrosis, on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses any joint disease with degenerative changes, including osteoarthritis. It is important to note that osteoarthrosis is a nonspecific term and can refer to degenerative changes in any joint, while osteoarthritis specifically refers to degeneration in weight-bearing joints.
\nThe risk factors presented in the case that contribute to the diagnosis of osteoarthritis are:
\na) Age: Being 71 years old puts the patient at a higher risk for developing osteoarthritis as it is more prevalent in older individuals.
\nb) Overweight: The patient is described as overweight, and excess weight puts increased stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees, leading to accelerated wear and tear.
\nc) Joint injury: The patient’s long history of bilateral knee discomfort suggests that she may have experienced joint injuries in the past, which can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis.
\nd) Familial predisposition: The patient has a family history of osteoporosis, which may indicate a genetic predisposition to musculoskeletal conditions.<\/p>\n
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two distinct types of arthritis with different clinical manifestations, major characteristics, joints affected, and diagnostic methods.
\nClinical Manifestations:
\nOA: Gradual onset of joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Pain is typically worse with activity and relieved by rest. Joint deformities may develop over time.
\nRA: Symmetrical joint involvement, morning stiffness lasting more than one hour, fatigue, general malaise, and systemic manifestations such as fever and weight loss.<\/p>\n
Major Characteristics:
\nOA: Degenerative changes in joint cartilage, bone remodeling, osteophyte formation (bone spurs), and joint space narrowing.
\nRA: Autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, synovial hypertrophy, pannus formation (invasive synovial tissue), joint erosion, and systemic involvement.<\/p>\n
Joints Usually Affected:
\nOA: Weight-bearing joints (knees, hips, spine) and small joints of the hands.
\nRA: Small joints of the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, and often involves symmetrically paired joints.<\/p>\n
Diagnostic Methods:
\nOA: Clinical assessment, medical history, physical examination, X-rays, and sometimes joint fluid analysis.
\nRA: Clinical assessment, medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests (rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies), and imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, MRI).<\/p>\n
Treatment alternatives for osteoarthritis include both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches.
\nNon-pharmacological interventions:<\/p>\n
Weight management: Encouraging weight loss can alleviate stress on the joints and reduce pain.
\nPhysical therapy: Strengthening exercises, range-of-motion exercises, and low-impact aerobic activities can improve joint function and reduce pain.
\nHelpive devices: Using canes, walkers, or braces can provide support and reduce joint stress.
\nHeat or cold therapy: Applying heat or cold to affected joints can help reduce pain and stiffness.
\nOccupational therapy: Helping with adapting daily activities to reduce joint strain.
\nPharmacological interventions:<\/p>\n
Analgesics: Acetaminophen or tramadol can be used for pain relief.
\nTopical agents: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cream or gel form can be applied to the skin over affected joints.
\nIntra-articular injections: Corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid injections may be<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Musculoskeletal Function: G.J. is a 71-year-old overweight woman who presents to the Family Practice Clinic for the first time complaining of a long history of bilateral knee discomfort that becomes worse when it rains and usually feels better when the weather is warm and dry. \u201cMy arthritis hasn\u2019t improved a bit this summer though,\u201d she […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7643,7642,7645,7644],"tags":[103,95,83,94,80,86,79,98,93,104,32,99,92,82,102,85,8,101,97,87,96,91,89,90,820,88,100,84,81],"class_list":["post-129961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-custom-same-day-essays","category-custom-writings-writers","category-do-my-essay-mla-format","category-write-my-paper-hub-writers","tag-150-200-words-discussion-with-a-scholarly-reference","tag-200-300-words-response-to-classmate-discussion-question","tag-250-word-analysis-essay","tag-bachelor-of-nursing-assignments","tag-case-study","tag-essay-bishops-website","tag-expert-online-nursing-writing-service","tag-fast-nursing-papers","tag-freelance-case-study-writing-service","tag-health-medicine-assignment-help-australia","tag-health-care-and-life-sciences-paper-writers","tag-health-care-assignment-help-service","tag-healthcare-assignment-writing-services-by-top-writers","tag-healthcare-essay-writing-services-by-medical-academics","tag-healthcare-writing-help-by-certified-medical-academics","tag-i-need-to-submit-this-assignment","tag-medical-essay-writing-service","tag-nursing-assessment-help","tag-nursing-assignment-help","tag-nursing-assignment-help-australia","tag-nursing-assignment-help-sydney","tag-nursing-assignment-writers","tag-nursing-assignments-examples-assignment-help-nursing","tag-pay-someone-to-do-my-nursing-assignment","tag-professional","tag-professional-case-study-writers","tag-quality-nursing-essay-writing-service","tag-write-a-review","tag-writing-assignment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129961"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129961\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/assessments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}