BIO-202 Human Anatomy and Physiology II / BIO-202L Lab

Assignment 9: Cardiovascular–Respiratory Integration Concept Paper and Lab Application

1. Assessment Overview

Unit/Program: Pre-licensure BSN / Health Sciences prerequisite
Course: BIO-202 Human Anatomy and Physiology II (co-requisite BIO-202L Lab)
Assessment Type: Short integrative concept paper plus lab application section
Placement: Early to mid-course, following endocrine content and during cardiovascular and respiratory system units
Length: 800–1,000 words total (approximately 3–4 double-spaced pages)
Weighting: 10–15% of the course grade as an early written assignment integrating lecture and laboratory learning

This assignment consolidates core cardiovascular and respiratory concepts by requiring explanation of how both systems interact to maintain homeostasis and by applying those concepts to observations from a BIO-202L heart-rate, blood-pressure, or ECG laboratory activity.

2. Task Context

In the first half of BIO-202, students study endocrine regulation followed by cardiovascular anatomy and physiology and respiratory structure and function. Concurrent BIO-202L laboratories emphasise cardiac anatomy, blood flow, electrical conduction, ECG interpretation, and physiological responses to activity. This assessment mirrors common module learning guide tasks by asking students to integrate theory across systems and connect it to empirical laboratory observations.

3. Task Description

3.1 Cardiovascular–Respiratory Integration Concept Paper (approximately 500–650 words)

Write a structured paper using clear subheadings and complete paragraphs rather than numbered answers.

1. Core Functions of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

   • Describe three major functions of the cardiovascular system and two major functions of the respiratory system using appropriate A&P II terminology.

   • Explain in two to three sentences how these systems work together to support cellular respiration and overall homeostasis, including oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, pH regulation, and tissue perfusion.

2. Structure–Function Relationships

   • Select one structural feature of the cardiovascular system, such as ventricular wall thickness, capillary structure, or venous valves, and one feature of the respiratory system, such as alveolar surface area, the thin respiratory membrane, or ciliated epithelium.

   • Explain how each structure supports its function and describe one way that damage or disease affecting that structure can impair gas exchange or tissue perfusion.

3. Homeostatic Control and Common Dysfunctions

   • Using a simple physiological challenge such as exercise or mild haemorrhage, describe how heart rate, stroke volume, ventilation rate, and depth of breathing change to maintain arterial pressure and oxygen delivery.

   • Introduce one common dysfunction, such as hypertension, heart failure, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and outline how it disrupts coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory responses at an A&P level.

Focus on accurate explanation of structure–function relationships and system integration rather than clinical treatment detail.

3.2 Lab Application Section (approximately 250–350 words)

Use data and observations from one BIO-202L cardiovascular or respiratory laboratory activity, such as a heart-rate and blood-pressure lab comparing rest and post-exercise values or a conduction system and ECG lab.

Address the following points in a short narrative.

1. Lab Setup and Key Findings

   • Identify the lab activity and briefly describe the procedure.

   • Summarise the main trend observed, such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or ECG waveforms.

2. Link to A&P Concepts

   • Explain how the observed changes demonstrate integrated cardiovascular and respiratory responses to increased metabolic demand.

   • Connect this explanation to one lecture concept, such as the Frank–Starling mechanism, autonomic regulation of heart rate, or chemoreceptor control of ventilation.

3. Relevance to Health Professions

   • Describe one way understanding normal physiological responses can help future nurses or health professionals recognise abnormal patterns during assessment.

4. Assignment Requirements and Formatting

• Length: 800–1,000 words total; title page and reference list not included

• Structure: Use clear section headings such as Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions, Structure–Function Relationships, Homeostatic Responses, and Lab Application

• Sources: Use the required BIO-202 textbook and lab manual and include at least one additional current scholarly source published between 2018 and 2026

• Style: Follow the program’s required referencing style, such as APA or Harvard

• Academic Integrity: Write in your own words and accurately cite all sources

5. Marking Criteria / Scoring Rubric (Summarised)

Total: 100 marks

5.1 Concept Paper (70 marks)

• Accuracy of system functions and integration (20 marks)

• Quality of structure–function explanations (20 marks)

• Understanding of homeostatic responses and dysfunction (20 marks)

• Organisation, clarity, and academic writing style (10 marks)

5.2 Lab Application (30 marks)

• Use and description of laboratory data (10 marks)

• Integration of lab findings with A&P concepts (15 marks)

• Relevance to health professions practice (5 marks)

6.

During the heart-rate and blood-pressure laboratory, resting values were recorded after seated rest and then repeated immediately following moderate exercise. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure increased consistently, while diastolic pressure changed minimally. These findings illustrate how cardiac output rises primarily through adjustments in heart rate and stroke volume to meet increased oxygen demand. Considering respiratory drive at the same time clarifies how increased ventilation supports stable blood gas levels and pH during exercise (Joyner and Casey, 2019).

7.

Understanding cardiovascular and respiratory integration is central to developing physiological reasoning rather than memorisation. Educational research indicates that assignments requiring students to explain cross-system interactions and relate them to laboratory data improve conceptual retention and prepare learners for more advanced clinical reasoning in health science programs (Silverthorn, 2020).

8. References

1. Marieb, E.N. and Hoehn, K. (2019) Human anatomy and physiology. 11th edn. Harlow: Pearson.

2. OpenStax (2021) Anatomy and physiology. Houston: OpenStax.

3. Joyner, M.J. and Casey, D.P. (2019) ‘Regulation of increased blood flow to muscles during exercise’, Advances in Physiology Education, 43(3), pp. 347–354.

4. Guenette, J.A. and Sheel, A.W. (2018) ‘Physiology of exercise in chronic lung disease’, Clinics in Chest Medicine, 39(2), pp. 311–326.

5. Mitchell, J.H. (2018) ‘Cardiovascular control during exercise’, Experimental Physiology, 103(10), pp. 1356–1361.

6. Silverthorn, D.U. (2020) Human physiology: An integrated approach. 8th edn. New York: Pearson.