BIO\/350 Human Biology-Week 7 Genetic Inheritance<\/p>\n
GeneticInheritance
\nMargaret E. Vorndam,
\nM.S.Version 42-0061-00-01<\/p>\n
LAB REPORTASSISTANT <\/p>\n
.gif”>Thisdocumentisnotmeanttobeasubstitute
\nfor
\naformallaboratoryreport.TheLabReport Assistantissimplyasummaryoftheexperiment\u00e2\u0080\u0099squestions,diagramsifneeded,anddatatables
\nthat
\nshouldbeaddressedinaformallabreport.
\nTheintentistofacilitatestudents\u00e2\u0080\u0099writing
\noflab reports by providing
\nthis informationin an editable
\nfilewhich can be sent to an instructor.<\/p>\n
Data Table
\n 1: PunnettSquare for F1 Cross \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Expected GeneticOutcomes<\/p>\n
F1Parent, genes:
\n (student to
\n fillin the blanks)<\/p>\n
alleles >
\nalleles v<\/p>\n
F1 Parent, g
\n enes:
\n __________(student fill
\n in blank)<\/p>\n
Data Table
\n 2: Results of F1 Cross<\/p>\n
Observed Phenotypes of F2Progeny<\/p>\n
# green plants =<\/p>\n
# white plants
\n =<\/p>\n
Total # plants<\/p>\n
Petri Dish 1 ><\/p>\n
Petri Dish 2 ><\/p>\n
Total<\/p>\n
.gif”>.gif”>.gif”><\/p>\n
Data
\n Table 3: Dihybrid Cross in Corn
\n \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Results of P Cross<\/p>\n
P = purple,
\n p = yellow
\nS = smooth, s =
\n wrinkled
\n(student
\n to fillin all blanks )<\/p>\n
Generation<\/p>\n
Expected Alleles<\/p>\n
Expected Alleles<\/p>\n
P >
\ndominant x recessive<\/p>\n
_ppss_<\/p>\n
F1Progeny ><\/p>\n
Frequency ><\/p>\n
Data
\n Table 3A: PunnettSquare for
\n F1 Dihybrid Cross<\/p>\n
Expected Genotypic Outcomes
\n(student
\n to fillin)<\/p>\n
Parent
\n 1 F1\u00e2\u0080\u0093 can produce
\n these gametes: (student to
\n fillin)<\/p>\n
Parent2F1 \u00e2\u0080\u0093canproduce
\n these gametes:
\n ><\/p>\n
ShadedportionaboverepresentstheF2progeny
\ngenotype and phenotype.Student
\n to fillin.<\/p>\n
.gif”><\/p>\n
Data
\n Table 4: Dihybrid Cross in Corn
\n \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Results of F1 Cross in F2 Progeny<\/p>\n
Phenotype of
\nProgeny<\/p>\n
(What they look like \u00e2\u0080\u0093 word description)<\/p>\n
Genetic Designations possible for this Phenotype<\/p>\n
e.g., PPSS<\/p>\n
Predicted Allelic
\nFrequency<\/p>\n
(Expected Ratio)<\/p>\n
Number of this Phenotype Total Counted:<\/p>\n
100 (Observed
\n Number)<\/p>\n
Actual Allelic
\nFrequency<\/p>\n
(Observed
\nRatio)*<\/p>\n
e.g., Yellow, wrinkled<\/p>\n
ppss<\/p>\n
* Actual
\n Allelic Frequency (Observed Ratio)
\n= Number of this PhenotypeTotal
\n Counted \u00c2\u00b8 100 kernels total counted<\/p>\n
Data Table 5: ?2Goodness of Fit Test
\n for F Phenotypic Results from F Corn Cross
\n2 1<\/p>\n
Phenotype
\nDescription
\nof
\n F2Progeny from
\n Table 4<\/p>\n
Observed
\n Number from Table 4<\/p>\n
Observed
\n Ratio from Table 4<\/p>\n
Expected Ratio from
\n Table 4<\/p>\n
* Expected Number, calculated<\/p>\n
** [Observed
\n No. \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Exp. No.]2
\n\u00c3\u00b7 Expected No.<\/p>\n
e.g., Yellow, wrinkled<\/p>\n
? Sum of column =<\/p>\n
c2,Chi-square value
\n ***
\n><\/p>\n
* Expected
\nNumber, calculated
\n= ? Sum of Observed
\nNumber x Expected Ratiofor that
\nphenotype
\n** = (Observed
\nnumber \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Expected number, calculated)
\nsquare
\n\u00c3\u00b7 Expected
\nNumber, calculated
\n*** c2,Chi-squarevalue=?Sumof(Observednumber\u00e2\u0080\u0093Expectednumber,calculated)
\nsquared \u00c3\u00b7 Expected
\nNumber, calculated<\/p>\n
Data Table 6: Summarizationofc2 Good Fit Results
\n for F Corn Cross
\n1<\/p>\n
c2 value from Table
\n 5 =<\/p>\n
Value at 3 Degrees of Freedom that is closest to
\n c2
\nvalue =<\/p>\n
What is the Fit Probability at the top of the column in which the value was
\n found?<\/p>\n
What is the % of probability that the observed
\n results match the expected
\n results?
\n(MultiplyFit Probability
\n by 100)<\/p>\n
Reading at the top
\n of the Table, this Fit Probability indicates that the expected results
\n hypothesis is a<\/p>\n
Good Fit Poor Fit<\/p>\n
Circle the correct choice above<\/p>\n
Exercise
\n1: F1 Hybrid Cross<\/p>\n
A. Expectedphenotypicratioofgreentowhiteprogeny: CalculationofExpectedRatio
\n(Frequency) = = Total Number of (Color) Seedlings \u00c3\u00b7 Total
\nof All Seedlings.<\/p>\n
B. If 320 F2offspring
\nresulted from this F1cross, how
\nmany would be green?<\/p>\n
White?<\/p>\n
DISCUSSION <\/p>\n
A. Did the results support or refute
\nthe hypothesis? Explain.<\/p>\n
B. How
\nsimilar are the observed to
\nthe expected results from the PunnettSquare?<\/p>\n
C. If the results are not
\nsimilar, how might the differencebe explained?<\/p>\n
D. WillamonohybridF1crossincornyieldthesameratioofexpectedphenotype
\ninprogenyas
\nfor the tobacco seedlings? Why or why
\nnot?<\/p>\n
E. Ifavailable,
\ncompareyourF2seedlingdatatothoseofyourclassmates.Aretheoutcomeratios the same? Why might using a larger
\nnumber of seedlings to determine
\nthis outcome be wise?<\/p>\n
Exercise
\n2: Dihybrid GeneticCrosses
\nPROCEDURE<\/p>\n
1. Basedonwhatyoucanconcludeaboutitsgeneticmakeupwhentoldthatthecornplant parentcross(P)picturedinFigure2isbetweenacompletelydominantplantandacompletely recessive plant,<\/p>\n
a. Constructandrecordahypothesisaboutwhatthegeneticmakeupandthefrequencies oftheallelesfortheF1 progenyplantsinthedihybridcrossofcornwillbe.Recordyour
\nhypothesis here:<\/p>\n
b. IftheseF1 progenyaremated,whatwillbetheresultingallelic
\nfrequencyfortheF2
\nprogeny? Record
\nthis hypothesis here:<\/p>\n
RESULTS <\/p>\n
A. Whatarethetwohypotheses
\nthatyoumadeabouttheallelicfrequenciesofprogenyproduced by
\nthe crosses:<\/p>\n
P x P?<\/p>\n
F1x F1?<\/p>\n
B. Based
\non
\nwhat you
\nknow about phenotypes and Figure 2, for
\nthe
\nP
\ngeneration, what is
\nthe
\ncorn plant genotype on
\neach
\ncob containing the
\nP
\ncorn kernels?
\nOne is completely dominant, so its genotype is <\/p>\n
One
\nis completely recessive,
\nso its genotype is .<\/p>\n
C. WoulditmakeadifferenceintheoutcomeofthiscrossifthegenotypeofoneparentisPPss and the other is ppSS?<\/p>\n
D. Fromthephenotype
\nofthekernelsoneachPgeneration cobwhatwouldthepredicted
\ngenotype of any F1plant
\nbe?<\/p>\n
E. Giventhe2nequationpredicthowmanydifferentgeneticoutcomeswillbepossiblefroman
\nF1cross
\nresultingin the F2generationin
\na dihybrid corn cross.<\/p>\n
F. IfaF2corncobresulting
\nfromthisF1crosscontained
\n563seeds,howmanyoftheseeds
\nwould you expect to look like
\nthe F1parent?<\/p>\n
QUESTIONS <\/p>\n
A. How
\nwell do the predicted results match the actual results in Table 4?<\/p>\n
B. Based
\nonthePunnettSquarepredictions,canastatementbemadeastowhetheryour hypotheses
\nare supported or rejected? Which and why?<\/p>\n
C. DihybridF1 crossesresultinapredictableF2 progenyphenotypicfrequencythatholdstrue
\nuniversally. Based on the
\nExpected outcome, what is it?<\/p>\n
D. If your
\nresults are not as expected why
\nmight there be differences?<\/p>\n
E. Whatapplicationsmightthistypeofgeneticinvestigationhave?Howmighttheinformation
\nbe applied medically?<\/p>\n
Exercise
\n3: Chi-square and Hypothesis Testing
\nQUESTIONS <\/p>\n
A. Whatcanbeconcluded
\naboutyourprediction
\nofexpectedF2 progenyphenotypicoutcome from
\nthe F1cross? Was it close to the observed
\noutcome?<\/p>\n
1<\/p>\n
B. Howmightthec2testforfitnessbeusedinotherways?TryitonthetobaccoseedlingF
\ncross, for
\ninstance.<\/p>\n
C. Inatypicalcrosswhereaparentwithacompletelydominanttraitismatedwithaparent
\nexhibiting acompletelyrecessivetrait,whatistheexpectedgenotypicoutcomeandallelic frequency
\nfor the F1progeny?<\/p>\n
Give an example.<\/p>\n
D. InatypicalcrosswherehybridF1parentsaremated,whatistheexpectedgenotypicoutcome and allelic frequency of the F2progeny?<\/p>\n
Give an example.<\/p>\n
E. FortheF2 progenyproducedfromatypicalF1 hybridmating,howmanytotallyrecessive individuals would be produced if
\nthe progeny total
\npopulationis six offspring?<\/p>\n
What if the progeny populationwas
\n20?<\/p>\n
50?<\/p>\n
1,000?<\/p>\n
F. Excluding
\nfactorssuchassex-linkedgenes,incompletedominance
\norepistasis,etc.,willthe above cross
\nresults vary if differentorganisms
\nare used, such as dogs or tulips? Why or why
\nnot?<\/p>\n
G.
\nHowwillfactorssuchassex-linked genes,incompletedominance,orepistasis,
\netc.,affectthe
\nexpected outcomes that
\nwere
\ninvestigatedabove?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BIO\/350 Human Biology-Week 7 Genetic Inheritance GeneticInheritance Margaret E. Vorndam, M.S.Version 42-0061-00-01 LAB REPORTASSISTANT .gif”>Thisdocumentisnotmeanttobeasubstitute for aformallaboratoryreport.TheLabReport Assistantissimplyasummaryoftheexperiment\u00e2\u0080\u0099squestions,diagramsifneeded,anddatatables that shouldbeaddressedinaformallabreport. Theintentistofacilitatestudents\u00e2\u0080\u0099writing oflab reports by providing this informationin an editable filewhich can be sent to an instructor. Data Table 1: PunnettSquare for F1 Cross \u00e2\u0080\u0093 Expected GeneticOutcomes F1Parent, genes: (student to fillin the blanks) alleles > […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6159,6156,6158,6157,6154,6149,868,6148,6153,6155,6150,6152,6151],"tags":[6164,618,3782,6161,6165,6166,6160,6168,6167,6162,6163,3293,6169],"class_list":["post-12587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ae-essays","category-dissertation-homework","category-essay-assessment-brief","category-free-essay-examples-research-topic-ideas","category-in-1050-word-essay","category-in-a-page-paper-assignment","category-native-assignment-help","category-new-assignment-help-aus","category-uk-homework-study-bay-assignment-homework-help-homework-answers","category-uk-writings","category-us","category-write-my-essay-today-in-hours","category-6151","tag-assignment-write-a-page-essay-in-apa","tag-australia-essays","tag-bishops-writing-bureau","tag-help-for-assignment-master","tag-help-writing-week-discussion-post-responses","tag-instant-assignment-help","tag-masters-essay-service","tag-module-week-2-assignment","tag-online-assignment-prime-essays","tag-research-essay-pro-papers","tag-the-student-help-line-australia","tag-tropicalessays","tag-us-essays"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12587"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12587\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/essays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}