1
\n*****
\nGUIDELINES FOR YOUR PROPOSAL
\nOutline
\nComing up with a Proposal is the first stage of your research. After your Proposal has been
\naccepted, you will proceed on to write your First Draft. Writing your paper is about directing
\nyour own learning on a specific subject. The expected outcome is for you to understand the
\nsubject in sufficient depth so as to be able to explain it to your audience (your peers and the
\neconomics faculty) in a clear, precise, structured and self-contained manner. You are not
\nwriting for a general audience, but for a specialized one. Your writing should be of interest to
\nyour peers while it also demonstrates your competencies in economic thinking to the faculty.
\nThroughout this process, you will have to think and reason like an economist. Thus, this writing
\nassignment will serve to develop your skills of research and inquiry. These skills will include
\ninformation literacy, analysis, and communication. They may also include hypothesis design and
\nformation, and interpretation of data.
\nPurpose of a Proposal
\nWhile you work on your Proposal, keep in mind that the purpose of writing a Proposal is to
\nidentify a working central idea, sketch out how you plan to develop it, and present it for approval
\nand suggestions. Your Proposal should give you a sense of purpose and determine the focus and
\ndirection of your future work. Later, you will use your Proposal as the map or \u201cscaffolding\u201d on
\nwhich you will develop content. In your Proposal, focus on clarity, coherence, and structure.
\nAlways keep a tidy grammar and orthography and follow conventions for citation (see
\ninstructions below).
\nYour paper can take the form of an empirical paper, a case study, a report, a policy proposal, a
\nposition paper, a survey of the existing literature on a specific subject, or some other format you
\npropose. More specifically:
\n\uf0b7 A \u2018survey\u2019 refers to the comprehensive review of an issue\/topic. 1 This review must include
\nthe current knowledge (state-of-the-art) on this issue\/topic; the principal substantive findings;
\nthe main theoretical and methodological contributions to this issue\/topic; and an evaluation
\nor assessment of the literature. Most of the literature will be scholarly, and you will present,
\nsynthesize, discuss, and connect all relevant ideas and articles.2
\nFor example, a paper on how
\neconomics\/economists have approached the role economic inequality plays on economic
\ngrowth and how and why this approach has changed over time.
\n1 Note a \u2018survey\u2019 here is NOT a STATISTICAL survey or survey questionnaire, which we STRONGLY
\ndiscourage. Designing a good survey questionnaire and accessing a representative population sample would require
\na level of resources you do not have. It would also require too much time and a level of effort that is well beyond
\nwhat is required in this course.
\n2 Note some of this literature may be empirical or heavy in econometric analysis. You will be required to understand
\nthe main contributions of these articles, not the mechanics of them.
\n2
\n\uf0b7 An issue or position paper starts by posing a question (very often a policy question) and
\noutlines a position or opinion (yours). You will use economic analysis and economic tools to
\nsupport your position and discuss opposing positions. These tools may include graphs,
\nequations, data, and any other you find appropriate (check your previous course notes,
\ntextbooks, etc.). For example, a paper on how applying congestion pricing in city centers
\nwould be the \u2018best\u2019 and most efficient mechanism to reduce the various problems derived
\nfrom excessive car traffic.
\n\uf0b7 A case study would examine a particular issue in a particular place and\/or time. You will first
\ndescribe the general frame and the broader scheme within which your case must be
\nunderstood. Then you will proceed to analyze and discuss how this case fits into its larger
\nframe. For example, a paper on the motivation and effects of the current US-China trade war
\nand how this fits within the theory and practice of international trade.
\n\uf0b7 An empirical paper would require you to have a good grasp of statistics and econometrics in
\norder to answer a question about an economic issue. You will pose a hypothesis and then use
\nand analyze data to accept or reject this hypothesis.3
\nYou will still have to tell us (your
\naudience) what economic theory says about this issue and, also, about the contributions of
\nother researchers to the issue. For example, a paper on whether minimum wage laws have
\nhad a negative impact on teenage and unskilled worker unemployment in the US for the past
\nthirty years.
\nIn your Proposal, make the format of your paper explicit and keep in mind that, whatever the
\nformat you choose, you must frame your subject within the field of economics. The purpose
\nof your written assignment must be to gain knowledge into a topic (and a specific issue within
\nthis topic) from an economics perspective. You will find a non-exclusive list of possible topics
\nfor your perusal at the end of this document. Some of these topics are more general than others;
\naim to choose a concrete question or issue within each topic, the more specific the better.
\nHow to Proceed
\nThe Proposal stage is about discovery and examination of ideas. You will need to do active
\nthinking and engage critically with your subject of choice. This is the phase where you are
\n\u2018figuring out\u2019 and refining what you think before you proceed to communicate it in a more
\nformal way (to be done in the First Draft and Final Version of your paper). These are the steps
\nyou should follow:
\n1. Identify a topic within economics that interests you (or any topic that can be
\napproached from an economic perspective).
\n2. Establish the purpose of your research and the format of your paper.
\n3. Undertake a background search.
\n4. Identify a specific issue within the topic.
\n3
\nIf you are planning to do an empirical paper, do not attempt to collect your own data (primary data, not the
\nsame as primary source): it would be EXTREMELY costly in terms of resources, time, and effort. You will work
\nwith secondary data (not the same as secondary source) or data and results obtained by other researchers. For more
\ninformation on the distinction between primary and secondary sources of data, see
\nhttps:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/secondary-source-research-1692076 . Make sure the data you need is available at the
\nProposal stage (not later!) and that you can freely download it. Data availability will determine the feasibility of
\nyour empirical paper. Check sources of free data at the end of this document and\/or consult a librarian.
\n3
\nIn step 1, you may start by thinking about a topic or an issue that you brushed upon in a class and
\nyou wished you had learned more about. Or something you read about in the news or social
\nmedia that made you curious but you never had a chance to explore more in depth. Or about that
\nongoing discussion you have with a classmate or a friend that has never been settled, because
\nneither one of you did serious research. This is your chance to do so.
\nIn step 2, establish the reason for your research. Do you wish to summarize what is known about
\na topic and issue? Or to contribute to the existing knowledge on a topic? To solve a
\nproblem\/puzzle? To present the puzzle and its alternative solutions? To disentangle a confusing,
\nlittle known or new subject? To weigh in on a debate? To defend a stance in a particular issue?
\nTo \u2026? You may want to pose a question about your subject, determining what evidence is
\nneeded to answer the question, and collecting information and data that will allow you to answer
\nthe question, which takes us to the next step.
\nIn Step 3, do not rely solely on general internet searches to locate literature. A Wikipedia
\nentry or an article you read in The New York Times or something you listened to on PBS may be
\nuseful sources of inspiration to choose a subject or to brainstorm and think about how to
\napproach it, but you must go beyond them and make an effort to find scholarly sources of
\ninformation and reference (primary sources).4
\nThat is, any source addressed to a general
\naudience (secondary source) may be a great place to start, however, you must remember who
\nyour audience is and rely mostly on primary sources of research, i.e. technical studies and
\nscholarly research, such as books, book chapters, edited volumes, and, especially (given the time
\navailable) journal articles, technical reports, and working papers. Sometimes you will find these
\nprimary sources too mathematical or too technical: do not focus on the mechanics, but on the
\nintuition, the narrative, and their contribution. If you feel lost or are not sure how to approach
\nyour subject, it may be a good idea to consult (the relevant chapters of) a textbook on your
\nsubject; this will give you a good framework for reference and will point to all relevant
\nconnections (and literature) to be taken into account.
\nIn Step 4, try to be as specific and concrete as possible in your choice of an issue. This is
\nimportant even if you have decided to do a survey (see footnote 1): narrow down your subject.
\nFor example, if you are interested in ecosystem services, you may narrow it down to \u201cEcosystem
\nservices in the dry tropical forest.\u201d Or you may decide to work on \u201cValuation of Ecosystem
\nServices: the Pros and Cons of Direct vs Indirect Methods.\u201d Any of these will still require you to
\ntell your audience about ecosystem services in general in your Literature or Background Review,
\nbut you will find that, by focusing on a narrower topic, your work has more direction and
\nbecomes easier.
\nSearch Strategy
\nRemember you can access any e-journal (for free) from Stony Brook Library using your
\nStony Brook University (SBU) account (consult the last section of our Syllabus). Use academic
\nsearch engines such as Google Scholar, Ideas, and EconLit, where you will be able to access
\npublished articles as well as online working paper series such as the National Bureau of
\nEconomic Research (NBER), the Social Science Research Network (SSRN), and NetEc
\n4 You can also check sites such as The Brookings Institution or Citilab, where they have short pieces of research that
\ncan be very useful for your background research and to structure your thoughts.
\n4
\n(http:\/\/netec.wustl.edu\/NetEc.html). Use also JSTOR, a great repository of published scholarly
\npapers, as well as ScienceDirect (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com), that has journals that JSTOR
\ndoes not have and often up to the present issue.5
\nYou can also search more general resource sites
\nsuch as Resources for Economists (http:\/\/rfe.org).
\nI recommend you check the following link for sources of US and international data, statistics,
\nreports, and commentary: https:\/\/library.law.yale.edu\/news\/75-sources-economic-data-statistics reports-and-commentary. I have also added a brief list of sources of free data at the end of this
\ndocument. Keep in mind multilateral or aid agencies such as the World Bank, the Inter-American
\nDevelopment Bank, the Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank and others such
\nas the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Bank for
\nInternational Settlements (BIS), Eurostat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), etc. are also
\nexcellent, sources of free (mostly policy-oriented) research and of a large variety of data sets to
\ndownload and work with. You may also want to consult an instructor you know is a specialist in
\nthe area of your interest to point you in the right direction in your initial search for literature.
\nAnd last, but not least, consult your librarian; they are specialists and know where to look for
\nsources of reliable information. They will be happy to help you!6
\nWhen you find a document you think is relevant, browse its table of contents (ToC) if it is a
\nbook or its sections if it is an article, and look for useful information or for references to useful
\ninformation. If you are using a search engine, do a keyword search; start broad, with a topic,
\nthen narrow your search by using more specific words in your search phrases. You will realize
\nthe more you learn about your topic, the more specific the words you think of become. You may
\nalso choose to do a Boolean search to focus your search.7
\nWhen you find potentially helpful
\nmaterial, do some filtering: evaluate what is relevant, throw out what is irrelevant, work with
\nwhat remains, and check for leads about other possible valuable resources. Keep a log of what
\nyou are doing and the sources you consult and use, so you can retrace your steps or consult
\nyour sources again if you need to. Because, as you progress in your research, you will start
\nforgetting what you have done and where you found what.
\nStructure and Required Elements
\nYour Proposal must include the following elements (to be reviewed and worked on later):
\n1. Tentative title.
\nChoosing the final version of your title is one of the last things you will do (you read that
\nright!). However, at this stage you still need to provide a title. It is your presentation card.
\nMake your title as descriptive and revealing as possible. Be very specific and aim for a title
\nthat clearly reflects the main theme, issue or position of your paper. Use a subtitle if
\nnecessary. E.g. \u201cThe Impact of Health on Economic Growth: Effects of the HIV\/AIDS
\nEpidemic on Uganda\u2019s Economy.\u201d
\n5
\nI particularly recommend the Journal of Economic Literature and the Journal of Economic Perspectives; they
\nusually have excellent surveys on specific topics. Browse through the Table of Contents (ToC) of the last few years
\nand see what papers are of interest to you.
\n6 Visit them in person, IM or email them from the Library website, or call them at 631-632-7110. Keep in mind it
\nmay take them some time to come up with leads\u2026 or none at all.
\n7 Remember the three operators of a Boolean search are AND, OR, NOT. When you use AND, the search will look
\nfor anything with all the terms. If you use OR, the search will look for anything with any of the terms. Use NOT and
\nthe search will omit anything with these terms.
\n5
\n2. Purpose of research and type of paper.
\nWhat do you want to accomplish? What is the most appropriate format to accomplish it?
\nState clearly the purpose of your research (check again Step 2 in \u2018How to Proceed\u2019 above).
\nPropose the format that will most effectively attain this objective. For example, if you want
\nto defend a stance in a particular issue or debate, you will write an issue or position paper.
\nBut if you wish to summarize what is known about a topic and issue, you will write a
\nliterature survey on this subject.
\n3. Motivation.
\nSince you chose your subject, you are clearly interested in it. However, you must convince
\nyour audience your subject merits their interest if you want your paper to be read. In other
\nwords: you must motivate your audience. Explain to your audience why this topic\/issue is
\nworth learning and reading about. Provide a convincing answer to the following: Why is your
\nsubject relevant for the field of economics? Why is it relevant for society as a whole? Why
\nshould we (your peers and economics faculty) want to read about it? Think carefully about
\nyour own motivation, analyze it, and use what you find to motivate your audience.
\n4. Rough overview.
\nLater, this will take the form of a proper \u2018Literature Review\u2019 or a \u2018Background Review.\u2019 At
\nthe Proposal stage, use broad strokes to place your topic and issue within the field of
\neconomics. Where does this topic\/issue stand in relation to others in economics? What do we
\nknow about it? What do we not know? What should we know? What is the state-of-the-art
\nwith regards to it? What is the consensus view? Are there any alternative or dissenting
\nviews? Are there unexplored areas we should be aware of? What are the policy implications?
\nConsulting the relevant chapters of a good textbook may provide you with an excellent frame
\nfor your subject. If so, use your own words to explain it to us, and do not forget to cite and
\nreference the textbook properly (see the last point of this list).
\n5. Your original contribution.
\nDo not be intimidated by this component; it is simpler than it reads. Do you have any specific
\nquestion or hypothesis in mind? Are you reviewing a concrete topic (perhaps for the first
\ntime)? Are you trying to establish a link between two ideas? Do you have a specific policy
\nproposal? Are you planning to do a literature survey and map what is known\/not known to
\nyour audience? Do you want to apply a model, a concept, a theory or a technique to a specific
\ncase (a country or an industry, for example)? Any of these will constitute your original
\ncontribution. Make sure to tell your audience.
\n6. Methodology.
\nExplain how you plan to work on your subject. Give us an outline. How will you organize
\nyour ideas, and all the information and research you have gathered?
\nAre you going to rely on prior empirical work and secondary data sources? Is your analysis
\nmore qualitative, historical, theoretical, etc.? What other types of sources are you planning to
\nuse? Why have you chosen this particular methodology?
\nTry to break your assignment into sub-tasks and pencil the sequence of actions you will
\nundertake. And, while you are at it, plan your steps throughout the semester, so you can time
\nand manage your deliverables more effectively. Writing a good economics paper requires
\ntime. Lack of time spent on research, analysis, organization, etc. will show.
\n6
\n7. List of references, Help write my thesis – APA style.
\nIn the last page of your Proposal document: provide a list of the readings you have used
\nwhile \u2018figuring out\u2019 what you will work on and how you plan to do it.
\nAt the Proposal stage, you do not need to do in-text citation (unless you are ready to do so,
\nwhich is excellent), but you do have to submit a list of references following the American
\nPsychological Association (Help write my thesis – APA) guidelines, which is the style most social sciences adopt.
\nFollow instructions in the presentation that I have uploaded in the Documents section of
\nBlackboard. In it, you will also find links to more detailed instructions.
\nFollow these rules to elaborate your List of References:
\n1. This section should be in 12pt font size.
\n2. Each reference should be single spaced; references should be separated by a double
\nspace.
\n3. Each reference must have a hanging indent of \u00bd inch.
\n4. List should be alphabetical by author or editor.
\nGet used to this style early on and you will save yourself time and effort. Otherwise it will be
\nmore complicated and time consuming to do so later!<\/p>\n
7
\nNon-Exclusive List of Topics
\nI have compiled a list of topics to help you decide what you want to work on. This list is by no
\nmeans exclusive and you can work on any subject that captures your interest as long as you
\napproach it from an economics perspective! Some topics are more general than others. For
\nsome, I have included examples of specific issues. Making your subject as specific and concrete
\nas possible will make your research easier!
\n1. Beyond GDP.
\nAre there better ways to measure well-being than GDP? Why would they be better? Why not?
\nWell-being and the consumption paradox (the Easterlin Paradox).
\n2. Structural change and development economics.
\nHow does structural change affect productivity and economic growth? Have all countries
\nfollowed the same pattern of structural change? If not, how has this pattern changed?
\n3. Twin deficits.
\nWhat are they? What is their impact on the economy? In the short run? In the long run?
\n4. Monetary policy.
\nThe role of monetary policy in stabilizing business cycles.
\nHow do central banks design monetary policy? What metrics need to be taken into account?
\nHow?
\nShould monetary policy be independent of fiscal policy? Should it not? Why?
\nMonetary policy and the zero lower bound. Liquidity traps.
\nImpact of negative interest rates on bank profitability and asset valuation (\u2018bubbles\u2019).
\n5. Technological progress, technology transfer.
\nWhat is the role of technological innovation in economic growth? Are there specific policies that
\ncan spur economic growth? Or kill them?
\nIs \u2018premature deindustrialization\u2019 a characteristic of the \u2018new\u2019 economic growth model for
\ndeveloping countries? Is this the case for, say, China?
\n6. Population and population growth.
\nWhat are the economic drivers of population growth?
\nHow does population growth impact economic growth? How does economic growth impact
\npopulation growth? What do we know? Case studies?
\nAre developing countries getting old before they get rich? What are the reasons? Effects?
\nThe \u2018demographic momentum\u2019: what is it and why does it matter.
\n7. Financial system.
\nSaving, the role of the financial sector within economics.
\nWhat is shadow banking? What problems does it pose? What does it solve?
\nAre advanced economies too \u2018financialized\u2019?
\n8. Small and medium enterprises (SME).
\nHow important are they for production? Employment? Innovation? What specific problems do
\nthey face? Do they fail more than larger firms? How can policies help them?
\n9. Microfinance.
\nWhat is it and does it work? Is there a role for microfinance in rich countries? Are women \u2018better\u2019
\nborrowers than men?
\n10. Human capital, education, health.
\nWhat is their role in economic growth? Does education affect earnings? Employment? Mobility?
\nIs human capital accumulation more relevant than physical capital accumulation? Why (not)?
\n11. The gender wage gap.
\nWhat is it? Is it closing? What policies can we apply to close it? What policies have been
\nsuccessful? Does it affect all women equally (by education, ethnicity, motherhood)?
\n8
\nThe career cost of children; is there a tradeoff between career and fertility? Is there a \u2018motherhood
\npenalty\u2019?
\nThe \u2018double bind.\u2019 What is it? What are its consequences for women in the corporate job market?
\n12. Minimum wage laws.
\nDo they attain their intended objective? What are their effects? Do they affect all workers
\nequally? Why or why not?
\n13. Universal Basic Income (UBI).
\nWhat is it? What is (are) the reason(s) for it? What is its policy goal? Any case studies or
\nexperiments? What have we learned (or not) from them?
\n14. International trade.
\nFree trade vs protectionism, what is better? Better for what? Why?
\nTrade wars. What are their objectives and what are their effects? Why do they happen? Any case
\nstudies?
\n15. Exchange rate systems.
\nFlexible vs fixed exchange rate systems; advantages and disadvantages. How or why should we
\nchoose a system?
\nCurrency crisis, what is it and what policies ought to be applied? Any case studies?
\nMonetary unions, what are they? The European Monetary System, advantages and disadvantages.
\n16. Migration.
\nMigratory flows (internal and external), causes and effects.
\nIs immigration good for the economy? For employment? For wages?
\nHow important is illegal immigration in the US and what are its effects?
\n17. Underground or informal sector.
\nThe urban informal sector, what is it? How can we measure it? How large is it? How does it
\nimpact the economy at large?
\nEntrepreneurship in the informal economy.
\n18. Income distribution and inequality.
\nCauses, evolution, measurement, consequences. Policies?
\nThe wealth gap in the US. Evolution. How does it look? What drives it? Can it be closed? How?
\n19. Are culture and geography important in economics? Why? How? What do we know?
\n20. Economics of historically disadvantaged groups. How do we measure this disadvantage? Reasons
\nfor it? Consequences? Case studies?
\nWhat is indigenomics?
\n21. The role of the State and the provision of the rule of law as a public good.
\nThe role of institutions in economic growth. What makes an institution \u2018good\u2019 or \u2018bad\u2019 for the
\neconomy? How do societies come to have \u2018good\u2019 or \u2018bad\u2019 institutions?
\n22. Regulation, what is \u2018regulatory capture\u2019? What examples of it can we study?
\n23. Corruption, governance, rent-seeking: causes, impact, policies.
\n24. Social capital, what is it and what is its role in economic and individual economic growth? How
\nis it measured?
\n25. Environmental issues, environmental policies.
\nEcosystem services; what are they? How are they valued? Case studies?
\nCarbon taxes, do they work? Pros and cons.
\nCap and trade systems, emission trade permits: what are they, how do they work (or not).
\nE-waste management, solid waste landfill management.
\nAir travel: environmental costs. Policies?
\n26. Management of natural resources.
\nCase studies: fisheries, forestry, etc. The case of Northern cod.
\n27. Behavioral economics, behavioral finance.
\n9
\nWhat are they and how do they differ from economic orthodoxy? How do they affect
\nfundamental assumptions in traditional economics? What impact does this departure have in
\neconomic theory? In the design of economic policies?
\n28. Complexity economics, evolutionary economics, what are they and how do they affect our views
\non policy-making and forecasting?
\n29. Heterodox approaches in economics, how are they defined? What can we learn from them?
\n30. Health economics.
\nThe healthcare system in the US, how does it compare to systems in peer countries (cost,
\ncoverage, effectiveness, \u2026)? Why? Policies?
\nRelationship between health and inequality.
\n31. The cost of higher education in the United States. How does it compare to systems in peer
\ncountries (measurement, structure, quality, \u2026)? Why? Policies?
\n32. Cryptocurrencies.
\nWhat are they? Are they a true alternative to our current monetary system? How?
\nWhat would be the consequences for the overall economy? For monetary policy?
\n33. Blockchain technology.
\nEconomic applications beyond cryptocurrencies; regulatory issues; potential uses.
\n34. Cashless societies.
\nHow do they work? What is the role of a central bank in a cashless society? What is the role of
\nthe banking system? How would monetary policy change? Are there any countries close to being
\ncashless? Does going cashless affect everyone equally (financial exclusion)? Are cashless
\nsystems stable? Do they impact individuals\u2019 spending? Do they make an economy more
\nvulnerable to shocks?
\n35. Mobile paying systems.
\nDigital currency systems. Impact.
\n36. Sustainable tourism.
\nWhat is it? How can it be implemented? Any case studies?
\nOvertourism, what is it? How does it affect communities? The economy? Policies?
\n37. Asset price bubbles.
\nReal estate or financial bubbles. What are they? Can they be predicted? Can they be prevented?
\nCan macroprudential rules make a difference? Any case studies?
\n38. Economics of climate change.
\nWhat do we know? What should we know? What are the consequences for advanced economies?
\nFor developing economies? Can anything be done? What needs to be done? What has been done?
\nEnvironmental justice, what is it? Case studies. Policies.
\n39. Economics of natural disasters.
\nWhat are the costs of natural disasters? What policies are in place? Example of specific issue:
\nEffects of hurricanes on the economy of Puerto Rico; on Puerto Rico small business.
\n40. Alternative energy sources: are they viable? Any case studies?
\n41. The Green New Deal.
\nWhat is it? What are its intended objectives? How is it supposed to work? Specific policies?
\n42. Economics of obesity. Analysis of causes and costs. Any policy proposals?
\n43. Economics of crime and policing.
\n44. Organ markets and organ allocation.
\nHow does it work? Should there be markets? How should they work? Are they an improvement
\nover the current system(s)? Any case studies?
\n45. Artificial intelligence (AI).
\nWhat can machines learn? What does it mean for occupation, employment, and the economy?
\nWhat does it mean for commerce and e-commerce?
\nSelf-driving cars: a case of disruptive innovation? Consequences? Regulation?
\n46. Housing and housing costs.
\n10
\nEvolution of housing costs. Supply of public housing. Housing and inequality. Policies?
\nRent control; does it attain its goals? Why or why not. Does it affect housing supply? Land price?
\n47. The \u2018gig economy.\u2019
\nWhat is it? Does it exist? Does it impact household income or any other macro or micro
\nvariables? How? Why do workers take gig economy jobs?
\n48. Any other subject presented and analyzed from an ECONOMIC perspective, using
\nECONOMIC tools.
\nYou can also choose a policy, the importance of and current consensus on:
\n* Investing in people
\n* Improving the climate for enterprise
\n* Supporting small and medium enterprises (SME)
\n* Integration with the world economy
\n* Building solid macro foundations
\n* Other
\nLikewise, aim to narrow down the issue within each category as much as possible!
\nFree Resources to Find Data
\nWhen in doubt about what would be a good source of research or data and where (or how) to find it,
\nalways consult a Librarian. They are the experts. As a first approximation to free sources of data and
\nresearch, see the list below.
\nGeneral statistics:
\nUS population:
\nCensus http:\/\/www.census.gov — Statistical Abstract of the US
\nUS government(s):
\nFedStats http:\/\/www.fedstats.gov
\nEuropean Union:
\nEuroStat http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/
\nBureau of Economic Analysis (BEA): http:\/\/www.bea.doc.gov
\nNational Income and Product Accounts (NIPA)
\nBureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): http:\/\/www.bls.gov
\nConsumer Price Index (CPI)
\nConsumer Expenditure Survey (CEX)
\nCurrent Employment Statistics (CES)
\nProductivity
\nNational Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): http:\/\/www.nber.org
\nUS business cycles
\nUS Federal Reserve Board of Governors: http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/rnd.htm
\nFinancial data (e.g., credit, flows of assets, interest rates, money supply)
\nSt. Louis Federal Reserve Bank: http:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/fred2\/
\nFRED II (Federal Reserve Economic Data)
\nRelatively long time-series of macro variables for the US (e.g., consumer price indices,
\nexchange rates, interest rates, money aggregates, trade flows)
\nOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): http:\/\/www.sourceoecd.org
\nDevelopment, employment, health, national accounts
\nThe World Bank: http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/data
\nWorld Development Indicators (WDI)
\nGlobal Development Finance (GDF)
\n11
\nThe International Monetary Fund (IMF): http:\/\/www.imf.org
\nGDP growth, inflation, unemployment, debt
\nInternational Financial Statistics (IFS): exchange rates, trade, government accounts,
\nnational accounts
\nUnited Nations Development Program (UNDP): http:\/\/www.undp.org
\nHuman Development Index (HDI)
\nHuman Poverty Index (HPI)
\nWorld Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER): http:\/\/www.wider.unu.edu\/
\nWorld Income Inequality Database (WIID)
\nComprehensive database of measures of income inequality (Gini coefficient) across
\nseveral countries and through time
\nIntegrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS): http:\/\/www.ipums.umn.edu
\nVast amount of socioeconomic data
\nUS Census Current Population Survey (CPS): http:\/\/www.census.gov\/cps\/
\nVast amount of socioeconomic data
\nNational Longitudinal Surveys (NLS): http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/nls\/home.htm
\nVast amount of data on labor market activities
\nPanel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID): http:\/\/www.isr.umich.edu\/src\/psid
\nVast amount of data on households\u2019 income sources, employment, occupation, poverty
\nstatus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1 ***** GUIDELINES FOR YOUR PROPOSAL Outline Coming up with a Proposal is the first stage of your research. After your Proposal has been accepted, you will proceed on to write your First Draft. Writing your paper is about directing your own learning on a specific subject. The expected outcome is for you to understand […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1738,2474,2482,1563,2516,2499],"tags":[2501,2518,2477,2519,2520],"class_list":["post-9878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-help-me-with-social-psychology-assignment","category-psyc-essays","category-psyc-paper-writing-service","category-psychology-case-study-examples","category-sociology-essays","category-write-my-psychology-papers","tag-psy-papers","tag-psych-research-paper-sample","tag-psychology-assignment","tag-psychology-dissertation-writing","tag-psychology-research-paper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9878\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/nursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}