Philosophy
\nResearch Project on Developing a Philosophical Viewpoint – Homework Help – Topic<\/p>\n
-Write the paper according to the following outline:<\/p>\n
1. A summary of the philosophical topic, or thinker that you would like to focus on. Should be brief(half page to a page maximum).<\/p>\n
2. A list of at least 5 key terms used in the topic, theory or thinker. Philosophy consists in working through ideas in extremely precise language, and part of understanding philosophy is understanding the language philosophers use. For example, if you are writing on utilitarianism, one term you might use would be consequentialism. For each term , you should:<\/p>\n
(i) Define the term, as it is used in the specific topic, theory or thinker you are focusing on. This definition will usually be different from the usual dictionary definition for the term. If your definition is drawn from a book, provide a full citation for the source.<\/p>\n
(ii) Explain why this term is important for the primary thinkers of the philosophy you are focusing on.<\/p>\n
(iii) Provide a quote from a philosopher using the term (remember to cite the author)<\/p>\n
(iv) Explain the meaning of the quote given.<\/p>\n
3. A list of at least three key arguments that are related to the topic you want to explore. For example, if you are writing on consequentialism, you could list Singer’s argument concerning charitable giving. For each argument:<\/p>\n
(i) List the premises and conclusion, making sure that the premises as you express them provide valid support for the conclusion.<\/p>\n
(ii) Cite an author or authors who have presented the argument.<\/p>\n
(iii) Extra credit: make argument map.<\/p>\n
4. A list of at least five primary or secondary sources dealing with the philosophical topic, theory or thinker. These sources cannot consist in the course textbook, online dictionaries, or random webpages. They must consist in books or scholarly articles. – – One way to look for the sources is to go to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on the topic you are interested in and take a look at the bibliography for helpful books\/articles\/resources. Then, you can look for these resources at the library or through academic search engines.<\/p>\n
Final piece of the prompt attached:
\nPossible thinkers and their theories to use (note: this list is not exhaustive. You can feel free to choose another theory not mentioned here, as long as it is proposed by a philosopher) \u2022 Parmenides’ theory that all is one \u2022 Socrates’ theory that human excellence is knowledge and that we have a duty to search for truth \u2022 The sophists’ moral and\/or epistemic relativism \u2022 Plato’s theory on the structure of the soul \u2022 Plato’s theory of justice as harmony \u2022 Plato’s theory that the best government is rule by a philosopher-king \u2022 Plato’s allegory of the cave \u2022 Aristotle’s theory of knowledge as induction \u2022 Aristotle’s theory of the union of the good life, happiness, and virtue \u2022 The Stoic outlook on suffering \u2022 The Stoic theory of virtue and living a good life \u2022 Augustine’s theory of the “Great Chain of Being.” \u2022 Augustine’s resolution of the problem of evil \u2022 Al-Farabi’s theory on religion and philosophy \u2022 Anselm’s pro,of of the existence of God \u2022 Aquinas’ proofs for the existence of God \u2022 Aquinas on human nature arid why we should pursue virtue as the highest good \u2022 Aquinas on the relationship of faith and reason \u2022 Descartes’ theory of universal doubt \u2022 Descartes on the relationship of mind and body \u2022 Pascal’s theory on rational decision-making \u2022 The early modern scientists’ theory about how to gain knowledge \u2022 Hobbes’ theory of human nature \u2022 Hobbes on the best form of government \u2022 Locke’s theory of representative government \u2022 Locke on personal identity \u2022 Hume’s theory of causation \u2022 Hume’s theory of morality \u2022 Immanuel Kant on reason and morality<\/p>\n
– Summary of Plato’s theory of justice as harmony (half page)
\nPlato believed that justice in the ideal state exists when each of the three classes in society\u2014the producers, the auxiliaries, and the guardians\u2014perform their specific functions for the good of the whole. When all parts work together in harmony, the state is just.
\nKey terms (with definitions, importance, quotes, and explanations)
\n(i) Justice – For Plato, justice refers to the proper ordering and harmony within the soul and the state. In The Republic, he defines justice as “doing one’s own business and not being a busybody” (433a).
\n(ii) Classes in society – Plato divided society into three classes: producers who engage in manual labor and crafts; auxiliaries who serve as soldiers and public officials; and guardians who rule as philosopher-kings.
\n(iii) Harmony – The idea that all parts of the state must work together in a balanced, harmonious way for the whole to be just, similar to how the parts of the soul must be in harmony.
\nKey arguments
\n(i) The tripartite soul argument – Just as the soul has reason, spirit, and appetite, so too must the ideal state have classes that reason (guardians), are spirited (auxiliaries), and have appetites (producers).
\nPrimary sources
\nPlato. The Republic. Translated by Allan Bloom. Basic Books, 1991.
\nAnnas, Julia. An Introduction to Plato’s Republic. Oxford University Press, 1981.
\nBobonich, Christopher. Plato’s Utopia Recast: His Later Ethics and Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.
\nKraut, Richard. Plato. Oxford University Press, 2018.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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