{"id":20178,"date":"2024-08-29T10:11:05","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T10:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/essays.homeworkacetutors.com\/2024\/08\/crank-and-slotted-lever-mechanism-engineering-essay\/"},"modified":"2024-08-29T10:11:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T10:11:05","slug":"crank-and-slotted-lever-mechanism-engineering-essay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/crank-and-slotted-lever-mechanism-engineering-essay\/","title":{"rendered":"Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism Engineering Essay"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

In a kinematic chain when one link is fixed, then that chain is known as mechanism. It may be used for transmitting or transforming motion for example engine indicators, typewriters etc.[1]<\/p>\n

A mechanism which has four links is known as simple mechanism, and a mechanism which has more than four links is known as complex mechanism. A mechanism which is required to transmit some particular type of work is knows as machines. In certain cased the elements have to be designed to withstand the forces safely.<\/p>\n

A mechanism is a kinematic chain in which kinematic pairs are connected in such a way that first link is joined to the last link to transmit a predetermined constrained motion<\/p>\n

The various parts of the mechanism are called as links or elements. When two links are in contact and a relative motion is possible, then they are known as a pair. An arbitrary set of a link which forms a closed chain which is capable of relative motion and that can be made into a rigid structure by adding a single link is known as kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from a kinematics chain one of the link must be fixed. The technique obtaining different mechanism by fixing the various link in turn is knows as inversion. [2]<\/p>\n

Fig 1.1-Chart illustrating kinematic pair makes up a machine<\/h2>\n

CHAPTER 2<\/h2>\n

KINEMATIC PAIRS<\/h2>\n

Two links that can move with respect to each other by a mechanical constraint between them, with one or more degrees of freedom<\/p>\n

The relative motion between two links of a pair can take different form. Three types of pair are identified as lower pairs and these are the commonly occurring ones.<\/p>\n

Sliding: Such as occurs between a piston and a cylinder<\/p>\n

Turning: Such occurs with a wheel on an axle<\/p>\n

Screw Motion: Such as occurs between a nut and a bolt<\/p>\n

All other cases are considered to be combination of sliding and rolling is called higher pairs. Screw pair is higher pair as it combines turning and sliding.<\/p>\n

2.1 Classification of Kinematic Pairs<\/h2>\n

Since kinematics pairs deals with relative motion between two links then can be classifies based on the characteristics of relative motion between two bodies.<\/p>\n

The type of relative motion between the elements<\/p>\n

The type of contact between the elements<\/p>\n

The type of closure[1]<\/p>\n

The type of relative motion between the elements<\/h2>\n

The kinematic pair according to type of relative motion can classified as below<\/p>\n

Sliding Pair<\/p>\n

Turning Pair<\/p>\n

Rolling Pair<\/p>\n

Screw Pair<\/p>\n

Spherical Pair<\/p>\n

2.1.2 The type of contact between the elements<\/h2>\n

The kinematic pair according to type of contact between the elements can be classified<\/p>\n

Lower Pair<\/p>\n

Higher Pair<\/p>\n

2.1.3 The type of closure<\/h2>\n

The kinematic pair according to type of closure between the elements can be classified as<\/p>\n

Self -Closed Pair<\/p>\n

Force -Closed Pair<\/p>\n

2.2 GRUBLERS CRITERION FOR PLANAR MECHANISM<\/h2>\n

The Grubler\u2019s criterion applies to mechanism with only single degree of freedom joints where the overall movability of the mechanism is unity.Subtituting n=1 and h=0 in kutzbach equation we have [3]<\/p>\n

F= 3 (n-1) \u2013 2j \u2013 h<\/h2>\n

The equation is known as Grubler\u2019s criterion for plane mechanisms with constrained motion.<\/p>\n

2j-3n+h+4=0<\/h2>\n

Where, F=number of degrees of freedom of a chain<\/p>\n

j= number of lower kinematic pairs<\/p>\n

h = number of higher kinematic pairs<\/p>\n

n= number of links<\/p>\n

When F=1, the linkage is called a mechanism.<\/p>\n

When F=0 it forms a structure. That is an application of external force does not produce relative motion between any links of a linkage<\/p>\n

When F>1 the linkage will require more than one external driving force 2 obtain constrained motion<\/p>\n

When F<1 there is one redundant member and that the chain is statically indeterminate structure<\/p>\n

2.3 KINEMATIC CHAIN<\/h2>\n

A Kinematic Chain is defined as a closed network of links, connected by kinematic pairs so that the motion is constrained.<\/p>\n

First a network of links to give constrained motion, certain conditions are to be satisfied. Minimum number of three links is required to form a closed chain .The three links are connected with turning pairs.<\/p>\n

Fig.2.1 (a) A Five-Link Kinematic Chain (b) Six-Link Kinematic Mechanism<\/h2>\n

2.3.1 Types of kinematic chains<\/h2>\n

The most important kinematic chains are those which consists of four lower pairs, each pair being a sliding pair or a turning pair<\/p>\n

Four Bar Chain or Quadric Cyclic Chain<\/h2>\n

Single Slider Crank chain<\/h2>\n

Double slider crank chain<\/h2>\n

2.3.2 Inversions<\/h2>\n

Inversion is a method of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links in a kinematic chain. A particular inversion of a mechanism may give rise to different mechanism of practical unity, when the proportions of the link are changed [2].<\/p>\n

CHAPTER 3<\/h2>\n

SLOTTED LINK QUICK RETURN MECHANISM<\/h2>\n

Slotted link mechanism which is commonly used in shaper mechanism. The mechanism which converts rotary motion of electric motor and gear box into the reciprocating motion of ram which is the most simple and compact machine.[3]<\/p>\n

Fig 3.1 : Slotted link mechanism<\/h2>\n

The slotted link mechanism which is mainly divided into seven main parts .They are<\/p>\n

A \u2013 Clamping nut<\/p>\n

B \u2013 Ram<\/p>\n

C \u2013 Link D<\/p>\n

D \u2013 Crankpin A<\/p>\n

E \u2013 Slotted crank B<\/p>\n

F \u2013 Bull Wheel<\/p>\n

G \u2013 Glot<\/p>\n

Slotted link mechanism gives ram the higher velocity during the return stroke (i.e. Non cutting stroke) .Then the forward stroke which reduces the wasting during the return stroke. [4]<\/p>\n

When the bull wheel is rotated the crank pin A is also rotated side by side through the slot the crank B. This makes the slotted crank B.This makes the slotted crank to oscillate about one end C.The oscillation motion of slotted crank makes ram to reciprocate. The intermediate D is required to accommodate the rise and fall of the crank.<\/p>\n

Crank Pin A decides the length of the strokes of the shaper. The further it\u2019s away from the center of the bull wheel longer is its stroke.<\/p>\n

The cutting stroke of the ram is complete while crank pin moves from A to A1 and slotted link goes from left to right.<\/p>\n

During return stroke pin moves from A1 to A and link moves from right to left<\/p>\n

Cutting Time\/Idle Time = Angle of AZA1\/ Angles of AZA2<\/h2>\n

3.1 SHAPER MECHANISM<\/h2>\n

The working of a shaper mechanism is that it has two stokes. One is forward stroke and the other is return stroke. Clearing up more about these two strokes is that in the forward stroke the material is feeded, where as in the return stroke is an idle stroke when no material is feeded.[6]<\/p>\n

Fig 3.2 : Shaper Mechanism<\/h2>\n

Shaping process which involves only short setup time and uses only inexpensive tools. Shaping is used for the production of gears ,splined shafts racks etc. it can produce one or two such parts in a shaper less time that is required to setup for production. Other alternatively equipment with a higher output rate is required. [5]<\/p>\n

The cost per cubic cm of metal removal by shaping may be as five times more than that of the removal by milling or broaching. Shaping machines are mainly used in tool rooms or model shops.<\/p>\n

3.2 SHAPER CUTTING SPEED<\/h2>\n

The cutting speed depends on<\/p>\n

The type of material used.<\/p>\n

The amount of material removed.<\/p>\n

The kinds of tool material.<\/p>\n

The rigidity of machine.<\/p>\n

3.4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHITHWORTH AS WELL AS QUICK RETURN MECHANISM<\/h2>\n

Maximum pressure is holding the ram down the slides so that steadying is most necessary on entering the cut<\/p>\n

In Whitworth motion, the main pressure is in the correct place, less pressure is required in center of stroke.<\/p>\n

Slotted link motion is opposite to all the points explained above.<\/p>\n

Not withstanding the recompense stated above for the Whitworth motion, constructional difficulty make it more suitable for traversing head shaping machines and slotting machines, so that the crank motion, despite its restrictions finds universal adaptation for the pillar style of shaping machines.[6]<\/p>\n

CHAPTER 4<\/h2>\n

DESIGN OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVER MECHANISM<\/h2>\n

Design and fabrication of crank and slotted lever mechanism and also doing the structural and thermal analysis of crank shaft. Drawing the velocity diagram of the mechanism.<\/p>\n

Fig 4.1 : Dimensions for the components using AutoCAD<\/h2>\n

DESIGNING USING CATIA<\/h2>\n

The design of different components is explained here using Catia.<\/p>\n

SLOTTED LEVER<\/h2>\n

Slotted lever connected to the crank shaft which provides the forward and backward motion of the tool post. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the slotted lever is also explained<\/p>\n

Fig 4.2: Design of slotted lever<\/h2>\n

FIG4.3: Different angle view of slotted lever<\/h2>\n

CRANK SHAFT<\/h2>\n

Crank shaft which is connected to flywheel with the help of a motor , which provides the rotation of the crank shaft as well as the rotation of the slotted lever connected to it. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the crank shaft is also explained<\/p>\n

Fig 4.4: DESIGN of crank shaft<\/h2>\n

Fig 4.5: Different angle view of crank shaft<\/h2>\n

TOOL POST<\/h2>\n

Tool post which is connected to slotted lever, where the tool is connected to it which is used for the cutting of materials. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the Tool post is also explained<\/p>\n

Fig 4.6: Design of tool post<\/h2>\n

Fig 4.7: Different angle view of tool post<\/h2>\n

TOOL CUTTER<\/h2>\n

Tool cutter is connected to the tool which is used to cut the material. The design is done as per assumed dimensions. Different view of the Tool is also explained.<\/p>\n

Fig 4.8: Design of tool<\/h2>\n

Fig 4.9: Different angle view of tool<\/h2>\n

5.2 FABRICATION OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVER<\/h2>\n

With the help of above design of different components it has been combined together to form a crank and slotted lever mechanism which is seen mainly in shaper machines.<\/p>\n

Fig4.10: Design of crank and slotted lever mechanism<\/h2>\n

The final fabrication model will be represented as shown below.<\/p>\n

Fig4.11: Final Design of crank and slotted lever mechanism<\/h2>\n

4.3 MODEL FABRICATION<\/h2>\n

To conclude my Assigned project I hereby affix few photos of crank and slotted quick return mechanism indicating the functioning the same.<\/p>\n

Fig 4.12: FABRICATED MODEL OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVER<\/h2>\n

Fig 4.13: SLOTTED LEVER CONNECTED TO THE LEVER<\/h2>\n

CHAPTER 5<\/h2>\n

STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CRANK SHAFT<\/h2>\n

Crank and slotted lever mechanism, crank shaft which acts as the rotating device which helps the slotted lever forward and backward movement. Therefore analyzing the different propertied which take place in a crank shaft<\/p>\n

5.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS<\/h2>\n

Fig 5.1: Crank shaft used for analysis<\/h2>\n

Units<\/h2>\n

TABLE 1<\/h2>\n

Unit System<\/p>\n

Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad\/s Celsius<\/p>\n

Angle<\/p>\n

Degrees<\/p>\n

Rotational Velocity<\/p>\n

rad\/s<\/p>\n

Temperature<\/p>\n

Celsius<\/p>\n

Model (C4)<\/h2>\n

Geometry<\/h2>\n

TABLE 2<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Geometry<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Geometry<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Fully Defined<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Source<\/p>\n

C:UsersPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEPPart1.CATPart<\/p>\n

Type<\/p>\n

Catia5<\/p>\n

Length Unit<\/p>\n

Millimeters<\/p>\n

Element Control<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Display Style<\/p>\n

Part Color<\/p>\n

Bounding Box<\/h2>\n

Length X<\/p>\n

2.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Length Y<\/p>\n

0.20055 m<\/p>\n

Length Z<\/p>\n

0.19999 m<\/p>\n

Properties<\/h2>\n

Volume<\/p>\n

6.2904e-004 m\u00b3<\/p>\n

Mass<\/p>\n

4.938 kg<\/p>\n

Scale Factor Value<\/p>\n

1.<\/p>\n

Statistics<\/h2>\n

Bodies<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Active Bodies<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Nodes<\/p>\n

3258<\/p>\n

Elements<\/p>\n

556<\/p>\n

Mesh Metric<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Preferences<\/h2>\n

Import Solid Bodies<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Import Surface Bodies<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Import Line Bodies<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Parameter Processing<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Personal Parameter Key<\/p>\n

DS<\/p>\n

CAD Attribute Transfer<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Named Selection Processing<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Material Properties Transfer<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

CAD Associatively<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Import Coordinate Systems<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Reader Save Part File<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Import Using Instances<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Do Smart Update<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Attach File Via Temp File<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Temporary Directory<\/p>\n

C:UsersPATRICKAppDataLocalTemp<\/p>\n

Analysis Type<\/p>\n

3-D<\/p>\n

Mixed Import Resolution<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Enclosure and Symmetry Processing<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

TABLE 3<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Geometry > Parts<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Part 1<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Meshed<\/p>\n

Graphics Properties<\/h2>\n

Visible<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Transparency<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Suppressed<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Stiffness Behavior<\/p>\n

Flexible<\/p>\n

Coordinate System<\/p>\n

Default Coordinate System<\/p>\n

Reference Temperature<\/p>\n

By Environment<\/p>\n

Material<\/h2>\n

Assignment<\/p>\n

Structural Steel<\/p>\n

Nonlinear Effects<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Thermal Strain Effects<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Bounding Box<\/h2>\n

Length X<\/p>\n

2.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Length Y<\/p>\n

0.20055 m<\/p>\n

Length Z<\/p>\n

0.19999 m<\/p>\n

Properties<\/h2>\n

Volume<\/p>\n

6.2904e-004 m\u00b3<\/p>\n

Mass<\/p>\n

4.938 kg<\/p>\n

Centroid X<\/p>\n

1.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Centroid Y<\/p>\n

-1.9072e-004 m<\/p>\n

Centroid Z<\/p>\n

-1.9565e-004 m<\/p>\n

Moment of Inertia Ip1<\/p>\n

2.4661e-002 kg\u00b7m\u00b2<\/p>\n

Moment of Inertia Ip2<\/p>\n

1.2451e-002 kg\u00b7m\u00b2<\/p>\n

Moment of Inertia Ip3<\/p>\n

1.2537e-002 kg\u00b7m\u00b2<\/p>\n

Statistics<\/h2>\n

Nodes<\/p>\n

3258<\/p>\n

Elements<\/p>\n

556<\/p>\n

Mesh Metric<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Coordinate Systems<\/h2>\n

TABLE 4<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Global Coordinate System<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Fully Defined<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Type<\/p>\n

Cartesian<\/p>\n

Ansys System Number<\/p>\n

0.<\/p>\n

Origin<\/h2>\n

Origin X<\/p>\n

0. m<\/p>\n

Origin Y<\/p>\n

0. m<\/p>\n

Origin Z<\/p>\n

0. m<\/p>\n

Directional Vectors<\/h2>\n

X Axis Data<\/p>\n

[ 1. 0. 0. ]<\/p>\n

Y Axis Data<\/p>\n

[ 0. 1. 0. ]<\/p>\n

Z Axis Data<\/p>\n

[ 0. 0. 1. ]<\/p>\n

Mesh<\/h2>\n

TABLE 5<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Mesh<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Mesh<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Defaults<\/h2>\n

Physics Preference<\/p>\n

Mechanical<\/p>\n

Relevance<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

Sizing<\/h2>\n

Use Advanced Size Function<\/p>\n

Off<\/p>\n

Relevance Center<\/p>\n

Coarse<\/p>\n

Element Size<\/p>\n

Default<\/p>\n

Initial Size Seed<\/p>\n

Active Assembly<\/p>\n

Smoothing<\/p>\n

Medium<\/p>\n

Transition<\/p>\n

Fast<\/p>\n

Span Angle Center<\/p>\n

Coarse<\/p>\n

Minimum Edge Length<\/p>\n

2.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Inflation<\/h2>\n

Use Automatic Tet Inflation<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Inflation Option<\/p>\n

Smooth Transition<\/p>\n

Transition Ratio<\/p>\n

0.272<\/p>\n

Maximum Layers<\/p>\n

5<\/p>\n

Growth Rate<\/p>\n

1.2<\/p>\n

Inflation Algorithm<\/p>\n

Pre<\/p>\n

View Advanced Options<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Advanced<\/h2>\n

Shape Checking<\/p>\n

Standard Mechanical<\/p>\n

Element Midside Nodes<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Straight Sided Elements<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Number of Retries<\/p>\n

Default (4)<\/p>\n

Rigid Body Behavior<\/p>\n

Dimensionally Reduced<\/p>\n

Mesh Morphing<\/p>\n

Disabled<\/p>\n

Pinch<\/h2>\n

Pinch Tolerance<\/p>\n

Please Define<\/p>\n

Generate on Refresh<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Statistics<\/h2>\n

Nodes<\/p>\n

3258<\/p>\n

Elements<\/p>\n

556<\/p>\n

Mesh Metric<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Static Structural (C5)<\/h2>\n

TABLE 6<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Analysis<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Static Structural (C5)<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Physics Type<\/p>\n

Structural<\/p>\n

Analysis Type<\/p>\n

Static Structural<\/p>\n

Solver Target<\/p>\n

ANSYS Mechanical<\/p>\n

Options<\/h2>\n

Environment Temperature<\/p>\n

22. \u00b0C<\/p>\n

Generate Input Only<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

TABLE 7<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Analysis Settings<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Analysis Settings<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Fully Defined<\/p>\n

Step Controls<\/h2>\n

Number Of Steps<\/p>\n

1.<\/p>\n

Current Step Number<\/p>\n

1.<\/p>\n

Step End Time<\/p>\n

1. s<\/p>\n

Auto Time Stepping<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Solver Controls<\/h2>\n

Solver Type<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Weak Springs<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Large Deflection<\/p>\n

Off<\/p>\n

Inertia Relief<\/p>\n

Off<\/p>\n

Nonlinear Controls<\/h2>\n

Force Convergence<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Moment Convergence<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Displacement Convergence<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Rotation Convergence<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Line Search<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Output Controls<\/h2>\n

Calculate Stress<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Calculate Strain<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Calculate Results At<\/p>\n

All Time Points<\/p>\n

Analysis Data Management<\/h2>\n

Solver Files Directory<\/p>\n

F:ansyshallo_filesdp0SYS-1MECH<\/p>\n

Future Analysis<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Scratch Solver Files Directory<\/p>\n

Save ANSYS db<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Delete Unneeded Files<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Nonlinear Solution<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Solver Units<\/p>\n

Active System<\/p>\n

Solver Unit System<\/p>\n

mks<\/p>\n

TABLE 8<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Rotations<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Rotational Velocity<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Fully Defined<\/p>\n

Scope<\/h2>\n

Geometry<\/p>\n

All Bodies<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Define By<\/p>\n

Vector<\/p>\n

Magnitude<\/p>\n

200. rad\/s (ramped)<\/p>\n

Axis<\/p>\n

Defined<\/p>\n

Suppressed<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Fig 5.2 : Graph showing rotational velocity<\/h2>\n

TABLE 9<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Loads<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Frictionless Support<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Fully Defined<\/p>\n

Scope<\/h2>\n

Scoping Method<\/p>\n

Geometry Selection<\/p>\n

Geometry<\/p>\n

1 Face<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Type<\/p>\n

Frictionless Support<\/p>\n

Suppressed<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Solution (C6)<\/h2>\n

TABLE 10<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Solution (C6)<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Adaptive Mesh Refinement<\/h2>\n

Max Refinement Loops<\/p>\n

1.<\/p>\n

Refinement Depth<\/p>\n

2.<\/p>\n

TABLE 11<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Solution Information<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Solution Information<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Solution Information<\/h2>\n

Solution Output<\/p>\n

Solver Output<\/p>\n

Newton-Raphson Residuals<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

Update Interval<\/p>\n

2.5 s<\/p>\n

Display Points<\/p>\n

All<\/p>\n

TABLE 12<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Results<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Total Deformation<\/p>\n

Minimum Principal Elastic Strain<\/p>\n

Stress Intensity<\/p>\n

Middle Principal Stress<\/p>\n

Equivalent Stress<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Scope<\/h2>\n

Scoping Method<\/p>\n

Geometry Selection<\/p>\n

Geometry<\/p>\n

All Bodies<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Type<\/p>\n

Total Deformation<\/p>\n

Minimum Principal Elastic Strain<\/p>\n

Stress Intensity<\/p>\n

Middle Principal Stress<\/p>\n

Equivalent (von-Mises) Stress<\/p>\n

By<\/p>\n

Time<\/p>\n

Display Time<\/p>\n

Last<\/p>\n

Calculate Time History<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Identifier<\/p>\n

Use Average<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Results<\/h2>\n

Minimum<\/p>\n

8.5255e-009 m<\/p>\n

-8.1173e-006 m\/m<\/p>\n

5.3895e+005 Pa<\/p>\n

-4.8689e+005 Pa<\/p>\n

5.3642e+005 Pa<\/p>\n

Maximum<\/p>\n

7.9016e-007 m<\/p>\n

-8.1177e-007 m\/m<\/p>\n

3.0171e+006 Pa<\/p>\n

1.2909e+006 Pa<\/p>\n

2.7325e+006 Pa<\/p>\n

Information<\/h2>\n

Time<\/p>\n

1. s<\/p>\n

Load Step<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Substep<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Iteration Number<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

TABLE 13<\/h2>\n

Model (C4) > Static Structural (C5) > Solution (C6) > Results<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Shear Stress<\/p>\n

Vector Principal Elastic Strain<\/p>\n

Strain Energy<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Scope<\/h2>\n

Scoping Method<\/p>\n

Geometry Selection<\/p>\n

Geometry<\/p>\n

All Bodies<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Type<\/p>\n

Shear Stress<\/p>\n

Vector Principal Elastic Strain<\/p>\n

Strain Energy<\/p>\n

Orientation<\/p>\n

XY Plane<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n

By<\/p>\n

Time<\/p>\n

Display Time<\/p>\n

Last<\/p>\n

Coordinate System<\/p>\n

Global Coordinate System<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Calculate Time History<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Use Average<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Identifier<\/p>\n

Results<\/h2>\n

Minimum<\/p>\n

-3.4345e+005 Pa<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n

5.6327e-007 J<\/p>\n

Maximum<\/p>\n

3.4345e+005 Pa<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n

1.1931e-005 J<\/p>\n

Information<\/h2>\n

Time<\/p>\n

1. s<\/p>\n

Load Step<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Substep<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Iteration Number<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Material Data<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel<\/h2>\n

TABLE 14<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Constants<\/h2>\n

Density<\/p>\n

7850 kg m^-3<\/p>\n

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion<\/p>\n

1.2e-005 C^-1<\/p>\n

Specific Heat<\/p>\n

434 J kg^-1 C^-1<\/p>\n

Thermal Conductivity<\/p>\n

60.5 W m^-1 C^-1<\/p>\n

Resistivity<\/p>\n

1.7e-007 ohm m<\/p>\n

TABLE 15<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Compressive Ultimate Strength<\/h2>\n

Compressive Ultimate Strength Pa<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

TABLE 16<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Compressive Yield Strength<\/h2>\n

Compressive Yield Strength Pa<\/p>\n

2.5e+008<\/p>\n

TABLE 17<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Tensile Yield Strength<\/h2>\n

Tensile Yield Strength Pa<\/p>\n

2.5e+008<\/p>\n

TABLE 18<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Tensile Ultimate Strength<\/h2>\n

Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa<\/p>\n

4.6e+008<\/p>\n

TABLE 19<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Alternating Stress<\/h2>\n

Alternating Stress Pa<\/p>\n

Cycles<\/p>\n

Mean Stress Pa<\/p>\n

3.999e+009<\/p>\n

10<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

2.827e+009<\/p>\n

20<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

1.896e+009<\/p>\n

50<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

1.413e+009<\/p>\n

100<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

1.069e+009<\/p>\n

200<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

4.41e+008<\/p>\n

2000<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

2.62e+008<\/p>\n

10000<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

2.14e+008<\/p>\n

20000<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

1.38e+008<\/p>\n

1.e+005<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

1.14e+008<\/p>\n

2.e+005<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

8.62e+007<\/p>\n

1.e+006<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

TABLE 20<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Strain-Life Parameters<\/h2>\n

Strength Coefficient Pa<\/p>\n

Strength Exponent<\/p>\n

Ductility Coefficient<\/p>\n

Ductility Exponent<\/p>\n

Cyclic Strength Coefficient Pa<\/p>\n

Cyclic Strain Hardening Exponent<\/p>\n

9.2e+008<\/p>\n

-0.106<\/p>\n

0.213<\/p>\n

-0.47<\/p>\n

1.e+009<\/p>\n

0.2<\/p>\n

TABLE 21<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Relative Permeability<\/h2>\n

Relative Permeability<\/p>\n

10000<\/p>\n

TABLE 22<\/h2>\n

Structural Steel > Isotropic Elasticity<\/h2>\n

Temperature C<\/p>\n

Young\u2019s Modulus Pa<\/p>\n

Poisson\u2019s Ratio<\/p>\n

2.e+011<\/p>\n

0.3<\/p>\n

Fig 5.3 : Middle Principal Stress<\/h2>\n

Fig 5.3: Principal Stress<\/h2>\n

Fig 5.4: Strain Energy<\/h2>\n

Fig 5.5: Minimm Principal Elastic Strain<\/h2>\n

Fig 5.6: Stress Intensity<\/h2>\n

Fig 5.7: TOTAL Deformation<\/h2>\n

Fig 5.8: VECTOR Principal Elastic Strain<\/h2>\n

5.2 THERMAL ANALYSIS<\/h2>\n

Thermal Analysis is the heat developed in crank shaft.<\/p>\n

Units<\/h2>\n

TABLE 1<\/h2>\n

Unit System<\/p>\n

Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad\/s Celsius<\/p>\n

Angle<\/p>\n

Degrees<\/p>\n

Rotational Velocity<\/p>\n

rad\/s<\/p>\n

Temperature<\/p>\n

Celsius<\/p>\n

Model (D4)<\/h2>\n

Geometry<\/h2>\n

TABLE 2<\/h2>\n

Model (D4) > Geometry<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Geometry<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Fully Defined<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Source<\/p>\n

C:UsersPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEPPart1.CATPart<\/p>\n

Type<\/p>\n

Catia5<\/p>\n

Length Unit<\/p>\n

Millimeters<\/p>\n

Element Control<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Display Style<\/p>\n

Part Color<\/p>\n

Bounding Box<\/h2>\n

Length X<\/p>\n

2.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Length Y<\/p>\n

0.20055 m<\/p>\n

Length Z<\/p>\n

0.19999 m<\/p>\n

Properties<\/h2>\n

Volume<\/p>\n

6.2904e-004 m\u00b3<\/p>\n

Mass<\/p>\n

4.938 kg<\/p>\n

Scale Factor Value<\/p>\n

1.<\/p>\n

Statistics<\/h2>\n

Bodies<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Active Bodies<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Nodes<\/p>\n

3258<\/p>\n

Elements<\/p>\n

556<\/p>\n

Mesh Metric<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Preferences<\/h2>\n

Import Solid Bodies<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Import Surface Bodies<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Import Line Bodies<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Parameter Processing<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Personal Parameter Key<\/p>\n

DS<\/p>\n

CAD Attribute Transfer<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Named Selection Processing<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Material Properties Transfer<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

CAD Associativity<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Import Coordinate Systems<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Reader Save Part File<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Import Using Instances<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Do Smart Update<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Attach File Via Temp File<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Temporary Directory<\/p>\n

C:UsersPATRICKAppDataLocalTemp<\/p>\n

Analysis Type<\/p>\n

3-D<\/p>\n

Mixed Import Resolution<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Enclosure and Symmetry Processing<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

TABLE 3<\/h2>\n

Model (D4) > Geometry > Parts<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Part 1<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Meshed<\/p>\n

Graphics Properties<\/h2>\n

Visible<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Transparency<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Suppressed<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Stiffness Behavior<\/p>\n

Flexible<\/p>\n

Coordinate System<\/p>\n

Default Coordinate System<\/p>\n

Reference Temperature<\/p>\n

By Environment<\/p>\n

Material<\/h2>\n

Assignment<\/p>\n

Structural Steel<\/p>\n

Nonlinear Effects<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Thermal Strain Effects<\/p>\n

Yes<\/p>\n

Bounding Box<\/h2>\n

Length X<\/p>\n

2.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Length Y<\/p>\n

0.20055 m<\/p>\n

Length Z<\/p>\n

0.19999 m<\/p>\n

Properties<\/h2>\n

Volume<\/p>\n

6.2904e-004 m\u00b3<\/p>\n

Mass<\/p>\n

4.938 kg<\/p>\n

Centroid X<\/p>\n

1.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Centroid Y<\/p>\n

-1.9072e-004 m<\/p>\n

Centroid Z<\/p>\n

-1.9565e-004 m<\/p>\n

Moment of Inertia Ip1<\/p>\n

2.4661e-002 kg\u00b7m\u00b2<\/p>\n

Moment of Inertia Ip2<\/p>\n

1.2451e-002 kg\u00b7m\u00b2<\/p>\n

Moment of Inertia Ip3<\/p>\n

1.2537e-002 kg\u00b7m\u00b2<\/p>\n

Statistics<\/h2>\n

Nodes<\/p>\n

3258<\/p>\n

Elements<\/p>\n

556<\/p>\n

Mesh Metric<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Coordinate Systems<\/h2>\n

TABLE 4<\/h2>\n

Model (D4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Global Coordinate System<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Fully Defined<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Type<\/p>\n

Cartesian<\/p>\n

Ansys System Number<\/p>\n

0.<\/p>\n

Origin<\/h2>\n

Origin X<\/p>\n

0. m<\/p>\n

Origin Y<\/p>\n

0. m<\/p>\n

Origin Z<\/p>\n

0. m<\/p>\n

Directional Vectors<\/h2>\n

X Axis Data<\/p>\n

[ 1. 0. 0. ]<\/p>\n

Y Axis Data<\/p>\n

[ 0. 1. 0. ]<\/p>\n

Z Axis Data<\/p>\n

[ 0. 0. 1. ]<\/p>\n

Mesh<\/h2>\n

TABLE 5<\/h2>\n

Model (D4) > Mesh<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Mesh<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Defaults<\/h2>\n

Physics Preference<\/p>\n

Mechanical<\/p>\n

Relevance<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

Sizing<\/h2>\n

Use Advanced Size Function<\/p>\n

Off<\/p>\n

Relevance Center<\/p>\n

Coarse<\/p>\n

Element Size<\/p>\n

Default<\/p>\n

Initial Size Seed<\/p>\n

Active Assembly<\/p>\n

Smoothing<\/p>\n

Medium<\/p>\n

Transition<\/p>\n

Fast<\/p>\n

Span Angle Center<\/p>\n

Coarse<\/p>\n

Minimum Edge Length<\/p>\n

2.e-002 m<\/p>\n

Inflation<\/h2>\n

Use Automatic Tet Inflation<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Inflation Option<\/p>\n

Smooth Transition<\/p>\n

Transition Ratio<\/p>\n

0.272<\/p>\n

Maximum Layers<\/p>\n

5<\/p>\n

Growth Rate<\/p>\n

1.2<\/p>\n

Inflation Algorithm<\/p>\n

Pre<\/p>\n

View Advanced Options<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Advanced<\/h2>\n

Shape Checking<\/p>\n

Standard Mechanical<\/p>\n

Element Midside Nodes<\/p>\n

Program Controlled<\/p>\n

Straight Sided Elements<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Number of Retries<\/p>\n

Default (4)<\/p>\n

Rigid Body Behavior<\/p>\n

Dimensionally Reduced<\/p>\n

Mesh Morphing<\/p>\n

Disabled<\/p>\n

Pinch<\/h2>\n

Pinch Tolerance<\/p>\n

Please Define<\/p>\n

Generate on Refresh<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

Statistics<\/h2>\n

Nodes<\/p>\n

3258<\/p>\n

Elements<\/p>\n

556<\/p>\n

Mesh Metric<\/p>\n

None<\/p>\n

Steady-State Thermal (D5)<\/h2>\n

TABLE 6<\/h2>\n

Model (D4) > Analysis<\/h2>\n

Object Name<\/p>\n

Steady-State Thermal (D5)<\/p>\n

State<\/p>\n

Solved<\/p>\n

Definition<\/h2>\n

Physics Type<\/p>\n

Thermal<\/p>\n

Analysis Type<\/p>\n

Steady-State<\/p>\n

Solver Target<\/p>\n

ANSYS Mechanical<\/p>\n

Options<\/h2>\n

Generate Input Only<\/p>\n

No<\/p>\n

TABLE 7<\/h2>\n

Model (D4) > Steady-State Thermal (D5) > Initial C<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In a kinematic chain when one link is fixed, then that chain is known as mechanism. It may be used for transmitting or transforming motion for example engine indicators, typewriters etc.[1] A mechanism which has four links is known as simple mechanism, and a mechanism which has more than four links is known as complex […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6651,5811],"tags":[6619,6620,6621,6314,6618,6311],"class_list":["post-20178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-do-my-homework-engineering","category-engineering","tag-acemyhomework","tag-affordable-online-college-homework-and-assignment-help-from-professional-tutors","tag-do-my-homework-market","tag-native-assignment-help-online-homework-writing-helper","tag-write-my-paper-masterra-essay-writing-service","tag-write-pages-in-a-page-paper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20178\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}