{"id":45679,"date":"2020-03-31T12:08:22","date_gmt":"2020-03-31T12:08:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/essays.homeworkacetutors.com\/2020\/03\/impact-of-eu-membership-on-tesco\/"},"modified":"2020-03-31T12:08:22","modified_gmt":"2020-03-31T12:08:22","slug":"impact-of-eu-membership-on-tesco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/impact-of-eu-membership-on-tesco\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of EU Membership on Tesco"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content position-relative mb-4\">\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>This report will explain the role of the European Union and describe the impact which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/dissertation\/examples\/politics-examples\/brexit-reasons-and-implications-8254.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UK membership<\/a> of the EU has on Tesco. The impact which a range of significant global factors have on the operations on Tesco will also be described followed by an assessment on the impact of changes in the EU environment and global factors on Tesco.<\/p>\n<h2>Findings<\/h2>\n<h3>European Factors<\/h3>\n<p>Different<br \/>\nEuropean factors have different influences on the UK economy as the UK is<br \/>\ncurrently a part of the European Union at the minute. As the EU affects the UK<br \/>\neconomy, different businesses such as Tesco are also affected and this will be<br \/>\nlooked at below.<\/p>\n<h3>Role of European Union (EU)<\/h3>\n<p>The European Union (EU) is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/politics\/politics-european-union-literature-2192.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political and economic union<\/a> of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The European Union was formed in 1950 with two countries and since then there are now 28 countries with others wanting to join. The purpose of the EU is to allow the free movement of people, goods and services throughout its member states. In April 2017, the population of the EU is estimated to be 739,207,742.<\/p>\n<p>An<br \/>\norganisation such as Tesco has access to the European market that links<br \/>\neconomies and this has an impact on them as there is no need to pay any customs<br \/>\nor excise charges to other member states. This has implications for Tesco as<br \/>\nthey have less expense and are able to trade much more freely. This free<br \/>\nmovement of goods has decreased costs for businesses within the EU as well as<br \/>\nreduced costs for countries outside the EU that trade with it.<\/p>\n<p>The Single European Market means that<br \/>\nthe EU countries are just one big market.<\/p>\n<p>It<br \/>\nis a free trade area and a customs union designed to encourage economic growth<br \/>\nand employment throughout the member states. Free trade area means that it<br \/>\nallows the free movement of goods, services, capital and labour between member<br \/>\nstates without any restrictions. Customs Union means that there is a common<br \/>\nexternal tariff on goods coming into the EU from non member states such as the<br \/>\nUSA and Japan no matter where there point of entry. This has positive<br \/>\nimplications for Tesco as they have the same legislation across the EU which<br \/>\nmeans barriers to trade are removed and this allows Tesco to trade much more<br \/>\neffectively and efficiently with both suppliers and customers.<\/p>\n<p>The<br \/>\nEuropean Council was formally founded in 2009 and this helped to draw all the<br \/>\nstrengths of the different states together. This then resulted in the Lisbon<br \/>\nTreaty being signed which was set up to enhance the efficiency and legitimacy<br \/>\nof the Union and to improve the coherence of its action. This then allowed the<br \/>\nEU to work more effectively and effectively and allowed the free movement of<br \/>\npeople, goods and services throughout all member states. This affected Tesco<br \/>\npositively as they were able to buy and sell goods and services freely as well<br \/>\nas source labour from other EU countries without any problems.<\/p>\n<h3>Performance of European Union economies<\/h3>\n<p>The<br \/>\nEU encourages its 28 member states to work closely together through the single<br \/>\nmarket as this means that as they do so, the economies of individual countries<br \/>\nsuch as Ireland, UK and Spain for example are more closely linked. As of April<br \/>\n2017, 19 of the 28 EU countries use the Euro as their currency which means<br \/>\nthere are no exchange rate fluctuations between them. As Tesco is primarily<br \/>\nbased in the UK they use GBP and so the value of the current currency is less.<br \/>\nThis impacts on Tesco as it means that they perhaps cannot afford to buy some<br \/>\nproducts as cheaply as they would like from other EU countries due to the decreased<br \/>\nvalue of the pound. This would mean that Tesco\u2019s expenses rise and profits may<br \/>\nalso be negatively impacted as a result.<\/p>\n<p>The EU has encouraged its 28 member states to work<br \/>\nclosely through the single market and as time has passed by the counties have<br \/>\nbecome more closely linked. The performance of a lot of EU countries has<br \/>\ngreatly reduced in recent years. They have built up huge deficits.<\/p>\n<p>This<br \/>\nled in 2008 to a group of economies in the EU being referred to as PIGS<br \/>\n(Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain) as they had large deficits and high levels<br \/>\nof unemployment. More recently Ireland has joined the group and it now has<br \/>\nbecome PIIGS.<\/p>\n<p>Different countries within the EU have very different economies as some do well and others have huge debts and financial deficits. In 2008 a group of economies in the EU were grouped together as they had large deficits and high levels of unemployment. As of 2017, some of the most competitive EU economies include Switzerland,<br \/>\nGermany and the Netherlands. The performance of EU countries would be of<br \/>\ninterest to Tesco as if a country they bought goods and services from became a<br \/>\nstruggling economy such as that of Luxembourg with many businesses in debt,<br \/>\nTesco may withdraw business relations with them. This would result in Tesco<br \/>\nsourcing goods and services elsewhere from a better- performing country in<br \/>\nterms of its economy such as Switzerland. This would guarantee more security in<br \/>\nits business operations and may allow Tesco to receive better prices which<br \/>\nwould allow them to maximize their profits even further.<\/p>\n<h3>European policies<\/h3>\n<p>There are many different European<br \/>\npolicies that affect UK businesses such as Tesco. Some of these will be:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Agriculture<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was developed by the EU and<br \/>\nwas set up to benefit its members by encouraging the production of safe and<br \/>\nhigh quality food, supporting the upholding of rural communities and giving<br \/>\nfarmers incentives to have a good corporate responsibility for the environment.<br \/>\nThe CAP aims to make sure there is sustainable agricultural production in the<br \/>\nEU that ultimately helps the economic and social environment of the union. In<br \/>\nthe EU, agricultural land represents a large part and so it is important to<br \/>\nensure that sustainable agricultural production takes place from not only an<br \/>\neconomic point of view, but also an environmental and social point of view.<\/p>\n<p>This policy impacts Tesco as they<br \/>\nmust follow procedures to ensure they are selling food which is safe, of high<br \/>\nquality and which was produced in line with protecting the environment. Tesco<br \/>\nare also impacted by the CAP as they trade within the EU and to have a good<br \/>\nbrand image, must show that they follow guidelines set by the CAP as this will<br \/>\ngive them a good image in terms of corporate social responsibility. Tesco may<br \/>\nbe further impacted as they follow strict guidelines of suppliers they can and<br \/>\ncannot have as well as ways in which they source their goods.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Business,<br \/>\ngrowth and employment <\/strong>\u2013 The European Commission (EC) works with the<br \/>\n28 EU member states to help achieve business success, growth and employment The<br \/>\nEC will look at ways to invest and grow that are smarter and greener. The EU<br \/>\nhas policies in place which promote employment and schemes that support<br \/>\ncountries to develop and grow. Examples of policies that support business<br \/>\ngrowth and opportunities for employment include Enterprise and Industry<br \/>\npolicies which are developed by the EC.<\/p>\n<p>This policy impacts Tesco as they may<br \/>\nbe given grants to help them become greener and grow faster which would help<br \/>\nthem, other businesses and the economy. Tesco may also be impacted by this<br \/>\npolicy as they become more supported with employment schemes and apprenticeship<br \/>\nschemes by the EC to help reduce unemployment. This helps Tesco to acquire new<br \/>\nstaff cheaply which helps them cut costs, increase profits and grow much<br \/>\nquicker.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Education<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 As well as business, growth and development, the European<br \/>\nCommission also sets out policies in relation to education within the 28 member<br \/>\nstates. The European strategy in relation to education and training identifies<br \/>\ndifferent strategic objectives which include;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Making lifelong learning and mobility a reality<\/li>\n<li>Improving the quality and efficiency of<br \/>\neducation and training<\/li>\n<li>Promoting equity, social cohesion and active citizenship<\/li>\n<li>Enhancing creativity and innovation at all<br \/>\nlevels of education and training<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By 2020, the European Commission has<br \/>\nset benchmarks for its EU members such as having at least 95 per cent of<br \/>\nchildren from the age of four participating in early childhood education and<br \/>\nearly leavers of education and training should be less than 10 per cent.<\/p>\n<p>This policy will result in the people<br \/>\nof the EU become more educated and so their skills are enhanced. This impacts<br \/>\nTesco as they have a higher educated, more skilled population to choose from<br \/>\nwhen they are recruiting for their business. This will help the business become<br \/>\nmore productive and ultimately more profitable as a result of higher skilled<br \/>\nworkers. More highly educated people also impact Tesco as they have more<br \/>\nknowledge and skills for each department of the store such as finance, human<br \/>\nresources and sales. This will mean the business becomes more productive as a<br \/>\nresult and this will lead to Tesco becoming more effective and efficient in its<br \/>\noperations and so more profitable \u2013 giving it more opportunities to grow even<br \/>\nfurther.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Economics<br \/>\nand finance <\/strong>\u2013 European Union countries are very closely<br \/>\nlinked economically and financially. All countries have to pay into the EU<br \/>\nbudget depending on its income, the amount of tax paid and the resources that<br \/>\nthe country has. Financial regulations are in place so that the money in the<br \/>\nbudget is distributed fairy among all of the 28 member states. The EU works<br \/>\ntowards growth and increasing the number of jobs in each of the member states.<br \/>\nThe EU wishes to create security and deal with key issues such as the ageing<br \/>\npopulation across the EU and globalization. As all of the 28 member states work<br \/>\ntogether, their economies are seen to be of common concern and advice is given<br \/>\nby the European Council to make sure that the policies of the individual<br \/>\ncountries support one another.<\/p>\n<p>This policy impacts Tesco as they<br \/>\nmust work in line with policies set by the European Council. This may involve<br \/>\npaying into the EU budget depending on the profits which they make as well as<br \/>\npaying tax to support the budget of the EU. Tesco may also be impacted by this<br \/>\npolicy as they follow policies of the UK which are directly linked to other<br \/>\nmember states. Tesco have to pay the minimum wage, pay their bills and<br \/>\ncontribute to the EU budget in an attempt to support other countries and this<br \/>\nwill impact on daily operations as it can be expensive to be paying to support<br \/>\nthe economy. This may mean that the money they<br \/>\nhave to spend on daily operations<br \/>\nis reduced and their net profit may also feel the effects.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Environment <\/strong>\u2013 The EU has many different policies on the different ways to<br \/>\nprotect the environment of each of its member states. These policies relate to<br \/>\nissues such as;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Air<\/li>\n<li>Pollution<\/li>\n<li>EU climate<br \/>\nchange<\/li>\n<li>Waste<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Having<br \/>\npolicies in place on the above issues and on the environment in general mean<br \/>\nthat businesses in member states must acknowledge them. These policies help to<br \/>\nsupport the overall aim of the EU which is to protect the environment.<\/p>\n<p>This<br \/>\npolicy impacts Tesco as they have to follow rules and regulations in relation<br \/>\nto caring for the environment. Tesco would have to restrict the waste they<br \/>\nproduce and deal with it accordingly. They may also have to change the<br \/>\noperations of the business so that pollution is reduced and that they aren\u2019t<br \/>\naffecting the air quality in the area of their stores. Tesco will also be<br \/>\naffected as they must become more economically friendly and reduce their<br \/>\ncontribution to EU climate change. This could mean altering the way in which<br \/>\nthey conduct business such as sourcing products and services more locally to<br \/>\nreduce food miles as well as changing the layout of stores so that they become<br \/>\nmore efficient. This may be expensive for Tesco but will be more efficient in<br \/>\nthe long-term and will improve the company\u2019s corporate social responsibility.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Science<br \/>\nand technology <\/strong>\u2013 The European Commission\u2019s Joint Research<br \/>\nCentre (JRC) carries out extensive research and develops policy with regards to<br \/>\nscience and technology. The JRC carries out a lot of research and focuses on<br \/>\nmany different key areas such as using GM organisms in foods and other<br \/>\nproducts. They also investigate technology and how it can be used to help<br \/>\nsupport and improve the lives of people within the European Union.<\/p>\n<p>This policy impacts Tesco as the<br \/>\nresults of research may influence their business activity. If there are<br \/>\nprogressions in relation to technology by the JRC, Tesco may be impacted as<br \/>\nthey adapt this new technology in their factories and stores. This may lead to<br \/>\nTesco becoming more efficient and cutting costs which ultimately result in the<br \/>\nbusiness becoming more profitable. Research in science and technology by the<br \/>\nJRC can also impact Tesco as they become more aware of GM organisms in food and<br \/>\nother products and so offer more high quality products as a result. This can<br \/>\nhelp customers favour them over other companies if they do their research<br \/>\ncorrectly and this can result in higher sales, profit margins and lead to Tesco<br \/>\nbecoming a larger, more dominant business in the market.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regional<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Within the 28 member states, the EU has a huge number of people<br \/>\nwho live across the hundreds of regions within them. This means that there are<br \/>\nmany differences between the living standards of those people. For example, the<br \/>\nliving standards may be different for people in Northern Ireland and in Berlin.<br \/>\nPart of the EU policy is to reduce social differences and so regional policy<br \/>\nhas been developed which focuses more on member states that need more help.<\/p>\n<p>Regional policy affects Tesco as they<br \/>\nmust be aware of the social differences between different people across<br \/>\ndifferent regions. If they were to expand and open stores in other parts of<br \/>\nEurope, there would be different living standards and so Tesco would have to<br \/>\nchange the products they offer and the services they provide in accordance with<br \/>\nthe region they are operating in. Tesco may also be impacted as they have to<br \/>\nfollow different trends and should be aware of them. For example, they may<br \/>\noffer summer products in June\/July in the UK. However, these same products may<br \/>\nbe offered in a different month in a different region of the EU.<\/p>\n<p><strong>External<br \/>\nrelations <\/strong>\u2013 As the European Council now has a president, the member states<br \/>\nare able to work together as a group to coordinate external relations across<br \/>\nthe world. This means negotiations would take place on behalf of the EU with<br \/>\npowerful external countries such as China, India and America. There is also a<br \/>\nvice president of the EC who oversees foreign policy \u2013 much like the role of<br \/>\nthe current UK secretary of state Boris Johnson.<\/p>\n<p>External relations impacts Tesco as there are stronger<br \/>\nrelationships with other countries across the world. This means that Tesco may<br \/>\nfind it easier to expand their stores into countries outside of the EU due to<br \/>\nstrong relationships already being established. This would allow Tesco to grow<br \/>\nmuch more easily and maximise their profits as a result.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore to this, Tesco are impacted as they are able to<br \/>\nincrease their market share of the grocery market significantly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Social<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Social policy refers to policies and guidelines that affect the<br \/>\nway people live such as welfare policies that cover areas such as social<br \/>\nsecurity and housing. EU social policy focuses on combating discrimination and<br \/>\nwork towards equal treatment of people across all 28 member states. EU social<br \/>\npolicy also seeks to support social mobility across member states to ensure<br \/>\nthat EU citizens can move between them freely. The European Union Agency for<br \/>\nFundamental Rights (FRA) works with the EU to campaign on different issues such<br \/>\nas combating poverty, social exclusion, discrimination and violence.<\/p>\n<p>Social policy impacts on Tesco as<br \/>\nthey must follow rules, regulations and guidelines for the way in which they<br \/>\ntreat their employees and customers alike. They have to show no form of<br \/>\ndiscrimination or prejudice at work and social policy will work to ensure this<br \/>\ndoesn\u2019t occur. Furthermore, because social policy supports social mobility<br \/>\nacross member states, Tesco may find it easier to recruit higher skilled<br \/>\nworkers from other EU countries which can improve their business productivity,<br \/>\noperations and subsequent profits as a result.<\/p>\n<h3>European Monetary Union (EMU)<\/h3>\n<p>All 28 member states of the EU are<br \/>\nlinked into the Economic and Monetary Union either by being within it or being<br \/>\naffected by it. Countries that trade in euro are known as the \u2018euro zone\u2019. As<br \/>\nof May 2017, 19 of the 28 EU member states use the euro as their currency and<br \/>\nenjoy the benefits of it. The benefits to member states of being part of the<br \/>\nEMU are that there is enhanced economic stability throughout the EU. The UK has<br \/>\nalways had opt-out with regards to the euro zone and due to referendum vote in<br \/>\nfavour of Brexit in 2016; it is now looking as unlikely as ever. There are a<br \/>\nnumber of potential arguments for and against the UK joining the EMU which will<br \/>\nbe looked at below.<\/p>\n<h3>Arguments<br \/>\nfor the UK joining the EMU;<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Risk of currency changes in favour or against<br \/>\nUK businesses would no longer exist<\/li>\n<li>Interest rates in the UK would be the same as<br \/>\nthe rest of the EU. This may be positive as the UK may have worse interest<br \/>\nrates (such as the EU having a base rate of 0.25 percent and the UK having a<br \/>\nbase rate of 0.5 per cent in 2009)<\/li>\n<li>Charges to change currency will be avoided<\/li>\n<li>Many UK businesses already trade in euro so a<br \/>\nchange to euro wouldn\u2019t affect people and businesses too significantly in that regard<\/li>\n<li>It would be easier to compare prices between<br \/>\nthe UK and EU member states<\/li>\n<li>Moving around Europe will become much<br \/>\neasier including the purchasing of products online from different member states<br \/>\nboth to and from the UK.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Arguments against the UK joining the EMU \u2013<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Interest rates and other factors such<br \/>\nas levels of taxation and public spending will be set by the European Central<br \/>\nBank and as a result may not be right for the<br \/>\nUK<\/li>\n<li>The UK will lose the benefit of exchange rate<br \/>\nfluctuations to make additional profits<\/li>\n<li>The UK will lose its history of using the<br \/>\npound sterling currency<\/li>\n<li>Several EU member states noted that once they<br \/>\nintroduced the euro, prices became higher<\/li>\n<li>It may weaken links with business partners<br \/>\naround the world if the exchange rate in euro is not as good as the exchange<br \/>\nrate in pound sterling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The UK is currently not a member of<br \/>\nthe EMU and with Brexit; it is now looking more unlikely to happen than ever.<br \/>\nNot being a part of the EMU has implications for Tesco such as the benefit of<br \/>\ntaxation and public spending being set by the UK government and not the<br \/>\nEuropean Central Bank. This is positive for Tesco as the ECB may not set a<br \/>\nbudget which is as suitable for the UK and Tesco as the UK government would.<br \/>\nAnother implication is the benefit of exchange rate fluctuations which can<br \/>\nbenefit Tesco in the form of higher profits if the exchange rate works in their<br \/>\nfavour when trading with other EU countries. This is positive for Tesco as they<br \/>\nare able to use these profits to reinvest into the company and to increase<br \/>\ntheir market share of the grocery market here in the UK.<\/p>\n<h2>Global Factors<\/h2>\n<p>The EU is extremely important on<br \/>\nbusinesses such as Tesco and the economic environment as this links together<br \/>\nthe different economies in Europe. However, \u2013 as well as European economies \u2013<br \/>\neconomics across the world are now all strongly linked with one another through<br \/>\ntheir stock markets and through the supply of money across the globe. The links<br \/>\nbetween world economies can have both positive and negative effects on the UK<br \/>\neconomy and companies such as Tesco due to the huge investment that takes place<br \/>\nacross borders. These implications and their effects will be looked at below in<br \/>\nrelation to Tesco.<\/p>\n<h3>World Trade Organisation (WTO)<\/h3>\n<p>The World Trade Organisation was set<br \/>\nup in 1995 and is made up of 164 member governments. The purpose of the WTO is<br \/>\nto promote trading and to sort out any disputes. It tries to help countries to<br \/>\nnegotiate trade agreements and thus boost the development of all countries.<br \/>\nThere are ten benefits that the WTO associates with trade across the world and<br \/>\nthese include;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The system helps promote peace<\/li>\n<li>Disputes are handled constructively<\/li>\n<li>Rules make life easier for all<\/li>\n<li>Freer trade cuts the cost of living<\/li>\n<li>It provides more choice of products and qualities<\/li>\n<li>Trade stimulates economic growth<\/li>\n<li>Trade raises<br \/>\nincomes<\/li>\n<li>The basic principles make life more efficient<\/li>\n<li>The system encourages good government<\/li>\n<li>Governments are shielded from lobbying.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This factor works to achieve higher<br \/>\nliving standards, full employment and sustainable development. This has<br \/>\nimplications for Tesco as there is a society which has higher rates of<br \/>\nemployment and so higher disposable income to be spent with Tesco. This allows<br \/>\nTesco to have customers who spend more which increases their revenue and<br \/>\nsubsequent profits. The WTO also impacts Tesco as it promotes free trade and<br \/>\nthis cuts the cost of living which again increases the disposable income which<br \/>\npeople have to spend in stores such as Tesco, giving Tesco the opportunity to<br \/>\nhave a more affluent customer base which ultimately leads to higher profits for<br \/>\nthe business.<\/p>\n<h3>Trading blocs<\/h3>\n<p>A trading bloc is a group of<br \/>\ncountries that work together in an attempt to increase trade amongst one<br \/>\nanother and to take advantage as a group from economic benefits. Trading blocs<br \/>\ncan make trade with other countries not inside the trading bloc much more<br \/>\ndifficult. Examples of trading blocs would be the European Union (EU) and the<br \/>\nNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which supports trade between the<br \/>\nUnited States, Canada and Mexico and so fees and other charges are reduced which<br \/>\nmakes free trade easier. Just like this, the EU acts as a trading bloc and<br \/>\nallows some other countries to work with it to trade more easily.<\/p>\n<p>The EU trading bloc impacts Tesco<br \/>\npositively in the UK as they are able to trade much more freely and cheaply<br \/>\nwith other countries inside the same trading bloc. They can benefit from<br \/>\ncheaper importation costs and source their products more cheaply from suppliers<br \/>\nin other countries. This can help Tesco reduce their costs and increase their<br \/>\nprofits too.<\/p>\n<h3>Stock market fluctuations<\/h3>\n<p>Stocks and shares are traded<br \/>\nthroughout the world through different stock exchanges that exist in different<br \/>\ncountries. An example of a stock exchange in the UK is the London Stock<br \/>\nExchange. As trade is now much more global as it was years ago and investors<br \/>\ntry to make as much profit as they can fluctuations in the value of stocks and<br \/>\nshares in one country can have a huge impact on those in another. Daily stock<br \/>\nmarket movements are largely based on the laws of supply and demand. This means<br \/>\nthat stock prices will tend to appreciate in value as demand perks up and the<br \/>\nsupply of stocks for sale decreases. Conversely, if demand for a particular<br \/>\nproduct is low and the supply or volume of stocks for sale in the marketplace is high, prices will tend to decline. The<br \/>\neconomic recession in 2008 caused huge fluctuations in the stock market as<br \/>\npeople sold shares they no longer wanted to invest in as companies were not<br \/>\nperforming as well.<\/p>\n<p>Stock market fluctuations impact on<br \/>\nTesco both negatively and positively. If Tesco share prices fall, more people<br \/>\nbuy them which can generate revenue for the company as more people buy into the<br \/>\ncompany. This can help them generate capital and help them grow. However, if<br \/>\nTesco do not perform well, people may sell their shares and as a result the<br \/>\ncompany doesn\u2019t bring in as much and here revenue may begin to fall and<br \/>\nbusiness operations are negatively affected such as the ability to pay<br \/>\nsuppliers or maintain stores.<\/p>\n<h3>Credit availability<\/h3>\n<p>The International Monetary Fund (IMF)<br \/>\nwas set up to help economies around the world achieve financial stability. As<br \/>\nof May 2017, there are 188 countries who are members of the IMF. As countries<br \/>\ntrade with one another for goods, services and exchange rates, the IMF tries to<br \/>\nensure that all economies are as stable as possible. The IMF also helps to<br \/>\ncontrol the amount of credit that is available in its member countries. This is<br \/>\nbecause the amount of credit that is available across the world can impact the<br \/>\nprice that different countries pay to borrow money and also the amount that<br \/>\nbusinesses have available to invest and grow.<\/p>\n<p>If a country has issues or problems<br \/>\npaying its bills, the IMF is able to give them loans to try to avoid their<br \/>\neconomy having serious problems which could have a negative ripple effect on<br \/>\nother economies. This is what happened in 2008 as the UK entered recession and<br \/>\nother countries were affected as a result. Countries are encourages to lend<br \/>\nmoney to the IMF so it can then be offered to other countries in greater need.<\/p>\n<p>Credit availability from the IMF impacts Tesco positively as they can be helped out in times of need such as if they struggled paying large bills or making huge payments that \u2013 if unpaid would negatively impact on the economy. Tesco are also impacted here as the economy becomes more stable as a result of the IMF and so the general population will feel more financially stable and confident to shop in Tesco. This can give Tesco the opportunity to increase their customer base, sales and profits as a result.<\/p>\n<h3>Global warming<\/h3>\n<p>Global warming is becoming a huge<br \/>\nissue for people, businesses and economies around the world. As the temperature<br \/>\nof the world increases due to greenhouse gases being released by human and<br \/>\nhuman-related activities, it is predicted there will be huge differences in sea<br \/>\nlevels. This will have drastic effects on different parts of the world such as<br \/>\nflooding which will mean that thousands of people will be at risk of losing<br \/>\ntheir homes and businesses and property prices will be affected in these areas.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to look at cleaner<br \/>\nenergies so that greenhouse gas emissions are reduced as much as possible.<br \/>\nTransport may also need to be changed as we turn more eco-friendly.<\/p>\n<p>Every day, the effects of global warming are seen around the world<br \/>\nand businesses will also be affected by changes in competition as well as<br \/>\nimports and exports.<\/p>\n<p>This factor impacts Tesco as they<br \/>\nchange their business activities to help prevent global warming. They may be<br \/>\nimpacted by having to change the equipment they use in stores, the amount of<br \/>\nmiles their products travel to get to stores and the waste they produce into<br \/>\nthe atmosphere. Tesco are also impacted as there will be changes in competition<br \/>\ndue to companies not being able to operate as efficiently as they can afford as<br \/>\nit is expensive to do so. There also may be increased costs to import and<br \/>\nexport as this transportation of goods is leading to global warming and<br \/>\nreducing it may reduce global warming. This may mean Tesco have to source their<br \/>\ngoods and services more locally and at a more expensive price which can lead to<br \/>\na significant increase in costs and decrease in profits.<\/p>\n<h3>Political stability and war<\/h3>\n<p>Political instability such as the<br \/>\nfrequent changes in government has a large impact on the way that trade occurs<br \/>\nbetween different countries. Wars also have an impact due to the support that<br \/>\nis needed in a country to help deal with poverty and large movements of people<br \/>\nbetween countries. Political instability and war affects the ability of a country<br \/>\nto trade with others which is likely to negatively affect the economy of that<br \/>\ncountry as well as those around it. If a country relies heavily on its<br \/>\nexportation of raw materials to other countries, political instability or war<br \/>\nmay mean that it can no longer supply the materials to that country. This can<br \/>\nthen further affect not only the economy of the country producing the raw<br \/>\nmaterials, but also the economies of those countries that reply on the<br \/>\nmaterials.<\/p>\n<p>Countries which face extreme<br \/>\npolitical instability in 2017 include Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria. Currently,<br \/>\nthere is a lack of stability of the Northern Ireland government, political<br \/>\nrelations between USA and North Korea and political relations with Iraq and<br \/>\nIran over the supply of oil.<\/p>\n<p>Political instability affects Tesco because if there is no government in a country, there won\u2019t be a budget set which impacts on businesses. Just like in Northern Ireland at present, there is political instability and this may impact Tesco as there is no budget set in terms of infrastructure and roads and business. This can leave Tesco in a difficult place as they don\u2019t know what the government plans to do. For example, increase tax rates or business rates and this can prevent Tesco from carrying out effective planning which can impact negatively on future profits. War can also impact Tesco as if there is a war in a country, they may not be able to import goods and services from that country. This may mean they lose out on stock or must source the same products and series from other countries for higher prices which can be damaging to profits as expenses of the company increase. War may also mean more immigrants come into the UK which can be positive for Tesco as their customer base could potentially grow. However, it may mean that there become more cultural differences and Tesco have to add new products to accommodate new cultures which can be expensive.<\/p>\n<h3>Industry-specific developments<\/h3>\n<p>Developments across the world in the<br \/>\noil, gas and motor industries have a major impact on the competitiveness of UK<br \/>\nbusinesses. The price of oil and gas around the world affects the prices of<br \/>\nproduction around the world. This is because most products and services are<br \/>\naffected by oil prices \u2013 whether it is due to the production of a product, the<br \/>\noffering of a service or the movement of goods or services from the production<br \/>\ncompany to the retailer to the customer. The UK used to be one of the world<br \/>\nlargest suppliers of natural gas and still produces a significant amount in the<br \/>\nNorth Sea. However, the UK is beginning to reply on imports which affect the<br \/>\nproduction and distribution of gas as well as its costs. When oil and gas<br \/>\nbecome scarcer, their prices will rise and this impacts on businesses that rely<br \/>\non them. With the availability of natural resources set to decrease in the near<br \/>\nfuture, it is important for the oil and gas industries to consider how<br \/>\nsustainable these resources actually are.<\/p>\n<p>The UK motor industry is responsible<br \/>\nfor a significant proportion of the research and development of new and cleaner<br \/>\ntypes of fuel. The search for more environmentally friendly fuels is a huge<br \/>\nissue for many different countries around the world as part of the need to help<br \/>\nreduce the impacts of global warming.<\/p>\n<p>Industry specific developments impact<br \/>\non Tesco. If Tesco rely on oil and gas in their business operations such as<br \/>\ntransporting goods and services as well as running their stores and the price<br \/>\nof these natural resources rises, Tesco will notice their expenses rise<br \/>\nsignificantly. This will impact on company profits and the capital which Tesco<br \/>\nhave to spend. Tesco may also have to consider changing the type of energy<br \/>\nwhich they use to something more cheap and sustainable.<\/p>\n<h3>Environment<\/h3>\n<p>The increasing threat of global<br \/>\nwarming and other environmental problems means that all countries need to<br \/>\ncommit to becoming more clean and green in their business practices. Key<br \/>\nmeetings of world leaders regularly take place in an effort to help protect the<br \/>\nenvironment and the planet as a whole. Below are initiatives which are a major<br \/>\npart of a global attempt to help the environment;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rio<br \/>\nEarth Summit <\/strong>\u2013 The Earth Summit was a very large and<br \/>\nimportant conference held in Brazil in 1992. Leaders from many different<br \/>\ncountries across the world attended and together made some very important<br \/>\ndecisions that they hoped would have positive effects on the environment.<br \/>\nAgreements were made to support work in areas of biological diversity, climate<br \/>\nchange, forest management and sustainable development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kyoto<br \/>\nProtocol <\/strong>\u2013 This is an agreement that was adopted by many countries in Japan<br \/>\nin 1997 to set targets to support work that aims to reduce carbon emissions and<br \/>\nto support investment in and development of cleaner energy in developing<br \/>\ncountries. The UK\u2019s target for carbon emissions is 12.5%. The UK has to follow<br \/>\nthis and therefore each industry has to reduce the pollution and waste they<br \/>\nproduce and if they don\u2019t it is most likely that UK as a whole as well as Tesco<br \/>\n\u2013 because it is a company within the UK \u2013 would have to pay penalties.<\/p>\n<p>The environment impacts on Tesco as<br \/>\nthey must follow policy, rules and regulations to show a consideration for it.<br \/>\nTesco may have to alter business operations such as reducing waste or changing<br \/>\ntheir business practices to become more efficient. The Kyoto Protocol for<br \/>\nexample may impact on Tesco as they must keep their carbon emissions to a<br \/>\nminimum and if they do not, they can fact penalties. This would further impact<br \/>\nTesco not only in the form of higher<br \/>\nexpenses and decreased profits, but also a negative effect on the company\u2019s<br \/>\nsocial corporate responsibility. This policy may impact Tesco positively as if<br \/>\nthey follow it correctly, they \u2013 as well as the environment \u2013 will have<br \/>\nincreased sustainability.<\/p>\n<h3>Genetically modified products<\/h3>\n<p>Genetically modified (GM) foods are<br \/>\nthose foods that have had their genetics changed in some way. This process is<br \/>\ncarried out as it allows certain crops and other foods to give higher yields,<br \/>\nbe resistant to diseases and pests and survive droughts or grow in difficult<br \/>\nconditions. Some people in the world protest against the use of GM products as<br \/>\nthey feel they are unsafe. In the developing world, GM foods are viewed more<br \/>\npositively especially in places where droughts or diseases are common as they<br \/>\nare seen as a way of feeding the population in desperate times. There are now<br \/>\nbelieved to be over one hundred types of GM plants.<\/p>\n<p>Genetically modified foods impact on<br \/>\nTesco as they compete with other businesses: Tesco claim that their own branded<br \/>\nproducts do not contain any GM ingredients. This can impact positively for<br \/>\nTesco as their customers feel that their products are more organic and<br \/>\nhealthier. This can lead to Tesco increasing sales of their own branded<br \/>\nproducts and subsequent profits. However, Tesco can also be negatively impacted<br \/>\nby selling GM products in their stores as customers may feel that these<br \/>\nproducts are unhealthy and unsafe and this can lead to Tesco having a bad image<br \/>\nand a loss of sales too.<\/p>\n<h3>Outsourcing<\/h3>\n<p>Outsourcing is where a business asks<br \/>\nanother company to carry out work on its behalf. On a global level, this means<br \/>\ngetting people in other countries to do work that used to be done in the UK.<br \/>\nCompanies in different developing countries are now able to offer high quality<br \/>\nservices at a cheaper price than some UK companies offering the same services.<br \/>\nPopular countries for outsourcing are China and India and it is expected that<br \/>\nthe economies of both will continue to grow as a result \u2013 particularly in the<br \/>\nindustry sectors of computer science, engineering and business processing.<\/p>\n<p>Outsourcing impacts Tesco as they are<br \/>\nable to source products and services at a significantly lower price in some<br \/>\neastern countries such as China and India than they would be paying for the<br \/>\nsame products and services in the UK. This is positive for Tesco as they are<br \/>\nable to reduce their expenses and maximise profit margins. Outsourcing also<br \/>\nallows Tesco to benefit from economies of scale due to the goods being so cheap<br \/>\nthey can buy in bulk and receive even greater discounts. This saves Tesco<br \/>\nthousands of pounds and allows them to remain as a leader in the market.<\/p>\n<h3>Globalisation<\/h3>\n<p>Globalisation is the process by which<br \/>\nthe world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively<br \/>\nincreased trade and cultural exchange. Globalisation has increased the<br \/>\nproduction of goods and services. The biggest companies are no longer national<br \/>\nfirms but multinational corporations with<br \/>\nsubsidiaries in many countries. Globalisation has been taking place for<br \/>\nhundreds of years, but has speeded up enormously over the last half- century.<br \/>\nGlobalisation has resulted in;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased international trade<\/li>\n<li>A company operating in more than one country<\/li>\n<li>Greater dependence on the global economy<\/li>\n<li>Freer movement of capital, goods, and services<\/li>\n<li>Recognition of companies such as McDonalds and Starbucks in lesser economically developed countries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Due to economies and businesses that<br \/>\noperate in different countries now being more closely linked, it means that if<br \/>\nsomething is working well in one country, it will have an effect on other<br \/>\ncountries across the world, and vice versa. Developments in shipping, transport<br \/>\nmethods, internet and telecommunications have all led to a big growth in<br \/>\nglobalisation.<\/p>\n<p>Globalisation impacts on Tesco as<br \/>\nthey can move their manufacturing factories to low cost economies where labour<br \/>\ncosts are lower or outsource their production to companies in those countries: This<br \/>\ncan help Tesco reduce costs and increase profits. Globalisation also impacts<br \/>\nTesco as it increases the potential market for the company as they are better<br \/>\nable to sell their products and services to people across the world and open<br \/>\nnew stores in other countries. Globalisation also means Tesco have access to<br \/>\nskilled labour from different parts of the world which can lead to increased<br \/>\nskills in the business, increased productivity and increased profits too.<br \/>\nGlobalisation can also impact Tesco negatively though as big multi- nationals<br \/>\nsuch as Walmart could easily branch into the UK and make it extremely hard for<br \/>\nTesco to compete. This is because globalisation increases competition and<br \/>\nalthough this is good for business, can make it harder for Tesco to survive in<br \/>\nan ever-changing business environment.<\/p>\n<h3>Emerging economies<\/h3>\n<p>Emerging economies are those that are<br \/>\ngrowing rapidly such as the economies of China and India right now. The<br \/>\nopposite of an emerging economy is a developed country such as the UK or the<br \/>\nUSA. \u2018Tiger economies\u2019 are also economies that are rapidly growing but the term<br \/>\nwas originally used to refer to the economies of South Korea, Singapore, Hong<br \/>\nKong and Taiwan where rapid economic growth resulted in huge reductions in<br \/>\npoverty and the countries having some of the fastest growing economies in the<br \/>\nworld. In the 1990s, the Republic of Ireland was known as the Celtic Tiger as<br \/>\nits economy grew significantly and many jobs were created for the Irish people<br \/>\nas a result.<\/p>\n<p>There<br \/>\nare other ways in which the economies of countries can be grouped together. For<br \/>\nexample, the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China are grouped together<br \/>\nand are known as BRIC economies because they share some similar<br \/>\ncharacteristics. They have all been<br \/>\ngrowing rapidly and also have large rural populations. It is predicted that because these economies are growing so<br \/>\nrapidly, by 2050 they are likely to be the four wealthiest economies in the<br \/>\nworld.<\/p>\n<p>Growth of emerging economies and countries means an increase in demand for goods and services worldwide as these countries now have a lot more people on higher incomes that are willing and able to buy goods and services from the western world. This may mean that Tesco can look to set up stores in these emerging countries due to the growing economies within them. This impacts Tesco positively as it gives them the opportunity to grow the business, the market share they possess as well as the profits they return.<\/p>\n<h2>Changes in the EU environment and global factors: The effect on Tesco<\/h2>\n<p>Below will assess the impact that<br \/>\nchanges in the EU environment and global factors may have on Tesco.<\/p>\n<h3>The continued growth of the BRIC and<br \/>\nTiger economies<\/h3>\n<p>Tiger economies are economies that<br \/>\nare rapidly growing. South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan are all tiger<br \/>\neconomies which are continually growing. This means huge reductions in poverty<br \/>\nincrease in GDP. Brazil, Russia, India and China are also set to become the<br \/>\nfour wealthiest economies in the world by 2050 and this has implications for Tesco.<\/p>\n<p>Their growth results in economies<br \/>\nwhich are more financially stable and will result in people having higher<br \/>\ndisposable incomes. This has positive implications for Tesco as they may look<br \/>\nat setting up stores within these emerging countries due to their growing<br \/>\neconomies and due to people spending more. This can help Tesco maximise their<br \/>\nmarket share as well as their profits. This is great for Tesco and will mean<br \/>\nthat they can branch their business into new countries which will also grow<br \/>\ntheir customer base and increase brand awareness of the company.<\/p>\n<h3>Problems facing China<\/h3>\n<p>China has recorded extraordinary<br \/>\nrates of economic growth for a very long time \u2013 an average of 10% a year for<br \/>\nthree decades. But there are weaknesses. It\u2019s based on very high rates of investment,<br \/>\ncurrently running at 48% of national income or GDP. When it\u2019s so high there\u2019s<br \/>\nalways a danger that many projects will turn out to be wasteful or<br \/>\nunprofitable, undermining the finances of the investors themselves and anybody<br \/>\nwho has lent them money. There are also growing rates of inflation which would<br \/>\nnegatively affect Tesco as they have to pay higher for goods and services which<br \/>\nwould only increase their costs. If investments did fail, Chinas trade may<br \/>\nsuffer. This could mean that many companies in<br \/>\nChina go out of business. These companies may be suppliers of Tesco and<br \/>\nthis could mean that Tesco are negatively affected as they lose some of their<br \/>\nbiggest suppliers such as suppliers of clothing. This could mean Tesco cannot<br \/>\nreceive products for prices as cheap as<br \/>\nthey would like and so expenses rise. This would result in Tesco\u2019s profits<br \/>\nfalling and the company struggling to compete in a retailing industry that is<br \/>\ngrowing with competitiveness.<\/p>\n<h3>More countries joining the European<br \/>\nUnion<\/h3>\n<p>More countries joining the EU have<br \/>\nmany different implications for Tesco. First of all, there is greater export<br \/>\npotential. There are trade creation effects from increasing the size of the EU.<br \/>\nThe UK can now source some of their imports of goods and services more cheaply<br \/>\nleading to improvement in terms of trade. This means that Tesco has access to<br \/>\ncheaper importation costs as there are more EU countries to source from. This<br \/>\ncan help the company to reduce costs and increase profits which allow Tesco to<br \/>\ngrow even further.<\/p>\n<p>As the size of the EU market<br \/>\nincreases and countries within become richer, demand for goods and services are<br \/>\ncreated. The value of British exports to Poland has more than doubled since<br \/>\nPoland joined the EU in 2004. This not only helps economies grow, but increases<br \/>\ndemand for goods and services within different countries. Tesco can take<br \/>\nadvantage of this as their market increases and so they can see about opening<br \/>\nmore stores in other EU countries which would help the company grow and<br \/>\nsignificantly increase its profits.<\/p>\n<p>A growing European Union means there<br \/>\nare now greater opportunities for British businesses such as Tesco to import<br \/>\nlower-cost skilled labour in areas where there are labour shortages. The<br \/>\nmigration of labour from new EU countries was larger than many economists<br \/>\npredicted but during the strong growth years of 2005-2008, inward migration<br \/>\ninto the UK helped to offset some of the longer-term effects of an ageing<br \/>\npopulation. It kept wage inflation and consumer price inflation lower than would<br \/>\notherwise be the case and may have contributed to a higher level of national<br \/>\nincome. This is positive for Tesco as they are able to recruit skilled labour<br \/>\nat a much cheaper price which lowers their costs. They can also get access to<br \/>\nnew, skilled labour which improves their productivity, business operations and<br \/>\nsubsequent profits.<\/p>\n<h3>Growth of genetic modification<\/h3>\n<p>As time goes on, there is significant<br \/>\ngrowth in GM foods and this has received mix reviews. Tesco claim that their<br \/>\nown branded products do not contain any GM ingredients and this can impact<br \/>\npositively for Tesco as their customers feel that their products are more<br \/>\norganic and healthier. This can lead to Tesco increasing sales of their own<br \/>\nbranded products and subsequent profits. However, Tesco can also be negatively<br \/>\nimpacted by the growth of genetic modification as it is only a matter of time<br \/>\nbefore more and more products become genetically modified and selling GM<br \/>\nproducts in their stores mean that Tesco customers may feel that these products<br \/>\nare unhealthy and unsafe and this can lead to Tesco having a bad image and a<br \/>\nloss of sales too. If it hits hard enough, Tesco\u2019s profits may also plummet and<br \/>\nthis can have drastic implications for Tesco if people took a strong enough<br \/>\nopposition to GM products such as the company going out of business completely<br \/>\nif operations aren\u2019t changed.<\/p>\n<h3>Growth of developments in artificial<br \/>\nintelligence<\/h3>\n<p>Artificial Intelligence is usually<br \/>\ndefined as the science of making computers do things that require intelligence<br \/>\nwhen done by humans. From SIRI to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence is<br \/>\ndeveloping rapidly. While AI is often portrayed as robots with human-like<br \/>\ncharacteristics, AI can be anything from Google\u2019s search to a Sat Nav. As of<br \/>\n2017, AI is described as being \u2018weak\u2019 in that it only performs narrow tasks.<br \/>\nHowever, researchers are aiming to create \u2018strong\u2019 AI that may eventually<br \/>\noutperform humans at tasks such as production of goods and solving equations.<br \/>\nThe growth of artificial intelligence may have implications for Tesco in the<br \/>\nfuture. There may be a time where robots replace humans in Tesco factories<br \/>\nwhich, although would be expensive in the short term, would save Tesco on<br \/>\nthousands in the long term as they wouldn\u2019t have to pay expenses such as wages.<br \/>\nHowever, we don\u2019t quite know yet if the cost of wages will be cheaper than the<br \/>\ncost of the maintenance of robots. AI may also change the ways in which Tesco<br \/>\noperates such as the ways in which their products are produced and this may<br \/>\nalso reduce Tesco\u2019s costs and help to increase profits. AI is set to do away<br \/>\nwith some jobs which humans have and a result of this will be that Tesco can<br \/>\nreplace a large proportion of its human workforce with machines that do the job<br \/>\nmuch more quickly and effectively and this can help Tesco improve productivity<br \/>\nand increase profits.<\/p>\n<h3>Britain leaving the EU<\/h3>\n<p>Brexit is an abbreviation for<br \/>\n\u201cBritish exit\u201d which refers to the UK\u2019s decision in a June 23, 2016<br \/>\nreferendum to leave the European Union. Although the UK hasn\u2019t officially left<br \/>\nthe EU as of April 2017, they are in the process of leaving which will have<br \/>\nimplications for Tesco.<\/p>\n<p>Brexit has made the euro very<br \/>\nvolatile and this means it is difficult for businesses to plan and do trade as<br \/>\nthe exchange rate keeps changing. The value of the pound fell significantly<br \/>\nafter the result of the referendum and this meant that businesses such as Tesco<br \/>\nwere negatively impacted. They would have found that they would\u2019ve been paying<br \/>\nmore for goods and services purchased from other EU countries in the euro zone.<br \/>\nThis would have increased Tesco\u2019s costs and impacted on their profits right<br \/>\naway.<\/p>\n<p>As a result of Brexit, there is<br \/>\nexpected to be less restrictions and regulations to follow which were set by<br \/>\nthe European Council. This may mean fewer policies to be followed by Tesco and<br \/>\nso the business can carry out activities more cheaply. Being a member of the EU<br \/>\nmeant that the UK was not able to enter own agreements outside of the EU which<br \/>\nwould be created trading barriers for UK businesses such as Tesco. So, Tesco<br \/>\nmay now find it easier to trade with other countries outside the EU as the UK<br \/>\nleaves the EU completely.<\/p>\n<p>On the contrary, if the UK had have<br \/>\nremained in the EU, Tesco would\u2019ve had access to a greater market with more<br \/>\nthan 550 million people. This would\u2019ve meant that the company were better able<br \/>\nto increase their size having access to a larger target market and sales and<br \/>\nprofits could have also been increased here. Tesco also would\u2019ve had access to<br \/>\nthe single market which would be made it easier for them to set up and operate<br \/>\nacross the EU. There would also been the free movement of labour and capital<br \/>\nwhich would be been positive for Tesco as they would\u2019ve had better access to<br \/>\nlabour and to capital. This would\u2019ve helped them to become larger and to<br \/>\nimprove business operations. However, as the UK has opted to leave the EU,<br \/>\nTesco have to deal with the consequences and continue to compete in a market<br \/>\nwhich is more competitive than ever before.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>This report successfully explains the<br \/>\nrole of the European Union and describes the impact which UK membership of the<br \/>\nEU has on Tesco. The impact which a range of significant global factors have on<br \/>\nthe operations of Tesco was also described. The report then went into an<br \/>\nassessment in great detail of the impact that changes in the EU environment and<br \/>\nglobal factors have on Tesco.<\/p>\n<h2>Bibliography<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/list25.com\/25-most-unstable-countries-in-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/list25.com\/25-most-unstable-countries-in-the-world\/<\/a> (accessed on 10\/12\/2017)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.britishchambers.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.britishchambers.org.uk\/<\/a> (accessed on 10\/12\/2017)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/<\/a> (accessed on 10\/12\/2017)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-29960335\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-29960335<\/a> (accessed on 10\/12\/2017)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction This report will explain the role of the European Union and describe the impact which UK membership of the EU has on Tesco. The impact which a range of significant global factors have on the operations on Tesco will also be described followed by an assessment on the impact of changes in the EU [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8510,8511,8396],"tags":[5676,5686,5780,5294,5674,5677,5678,6403,4639],"class_list":["post-45679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-examples","category-do-my-homework-business-examples","category-paper-writing-service","tag-1500-words-assessment-task","tag-ace-homework-tutors","tag-assignment-homework-help-answers","tag-bishops-writing-bureau","tag-create-a-2-4-page-resource","tag-create-powerpoint-include-harvard-referencing","tag-i-need-completed-essay-in-300-400-words","tag-write-a-3-5pg-paper","tag-write-a-page-assignment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45679\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}