{"id":73054,"date":"2018-11-25T07:11:18","date_gmt":"2018-11-25T07:11:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/essays.homeworkacetutors.com\/public-speaking-2\/"},"modified":"2025-08-19T13:42:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:42:56","slug":"public-speaking-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/public-speaking-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Public Speaking"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Public speaking is American\u2019s number one fear what is public speaking features communication between a speaker and an audience speaker does most of talking audience centered emphasizes the spoken word usually a prepared presentation Why study public speaking Use in Classroom Career Communication skills outrank all other qualities Community Least expect it Public Speaking: A great tradition The ancient Greeks were the first people to think formally about rhetoric \u2013a systematic analysis of the art and practice of public speaking according to Aristotle Quintilian, Aristotle, Cicero, Socrates, Plato<\/p>\n

The tradition of public speaking flourished in colonial America during the great awakening The American revolution presented numerous opportunities to demonstrate the power of oratory Decry new taxes In the 19th century public speaking became a hallmark of American society Through public addresses Freely debate political issues, expand their knowledge, and entertain one another 20th century Woodrow- traveled the us advocating the league of nations Martin Luther King Jr Public speaking: a Dynamic Discipline From linear to transactional<\/p>\n

Communication started off as a linear process 1 way flow of ideas from speaker to audience source \u2013 a person with an idea to express message \u2013the ideas that he\/she conveys to the audience encodes \u2013 the source chooses symbols to express ideas verbal symbols \u2013 are the words that the sources uses to convey an idea nonverbal symbols \u2013 the means of making a point without the use of words such as hand gestures, movement, and facial expressions channel \u2013the source communicates the encoded message through this medium of delivery receivers- try to make sense of the messages by decoding ecode \u2013 receivers process the source\u2019s verbal and nonverbal symbols and form their own perception of the message meaning noise\/interference \u2013 a phenomenon that disrupts communication between source and receiver Now we consider communication to be transactional Transaction \u2013 a commutative exchange in which all participants continuously send and receive messages Feedback \u2013using verbal or non verbal responses to send and receive messages Shared meaning \u2013 a common understanding with little confusion and few misinterpretations Awareness of audiences\u2019 cultural diversity<\/p>\n

Culture \u2013 the values, traditions, and rules for living passed from generation to generation, is learned and influences all aspects of a persons life Worldview \u2013 the les through which he\/she sees and interprets reality Emphasis on critical thinking Critical thinking \u2013 the analysis and evaluation of ideas based on reliability, truth, and accuracy Consider diverse perspectives Research Evaluate each possibility Keep an open mind A focus on free ethical communication<\/p>\n

Freedom of expression \u2013 the right to share one\u2019s ideas and opinions free from censorship- vital in a democratic society Ethics \u2013 a set of beliefs shared by a group about what behaviors are correct and incorrect Tell the truth, help the audience make a well informed decision on your topic, avoid manipulative reasoning, incorporate research materials Why prepare Leaving too little time for planning and practicing Focusing on length rather than quality<\/p>\n

Failing to follow the assignment The Classical Approach to speech preparation Speech preparation process based on principals of rhetoric that Ancient Greeks conceptualized Public speakers have been learning these ideas for over 2,400 years Cicero-a roman lawyer, politician, and famous orator made a treatise (De Inventione) which included 5 key matters for preparing a speech (contemporary scholars referred to them as classical cannons of rhetoric ) Invention<\/p>\n

The generation of ideas for use in a speech including the speaker\u2019s own thoughts on the topic and ideas from other sources talented speakers select the best ideas for a particular speech based on their analysis of their audience, their choice of topic and purpose, and the research and evidence they gather.<\/p>\n

Arrangement (organization) Structuring ideas to convey them effectively to an audience<\/p>\n

Effective speakers arrange their ideas in the speech body based on the goals they hope to accomplish by delivering the speech Style The choice of language that will best express a speaker\u2019s ideas to the audience Talented speakers state their ideas clearly, make their ideas memorable, and avoid bias. Memory (preparation) To practice and refer to the work that speakers do to remain in command of their material when they present a speech Delivery<\/p>\n

The speaker\u2019s use of his or her voice and body during the actual presentation of a speech A strong delivery includes speakers voice, gestures, eye contact, and movements when appropriate Preparing and Delivering your first speech Analyze your audience Audience analysis- the process of learning about an audience\u2019s interest and backgrounds in order to create a speech that meets their needs Select your topic Topic-the subject you will address in your speech Determine your Speech\u2019s rhetorical purpose Rhetorical purpose-a primary goal for the speech<\/p>\n

Informing: increasing your audiences understanding or awareness of your subject Persuading: trying to influence your audience\u2019s beliefs or actions with respect to your subject Marking a special occasion: speaking at and event Create a thesis statement Thesis statement (central idea or topic statement)- a single sentence that sums up your speech\u2019s main message and reflects your narrowed topic and rhetorical purpose Determine your main points Main points-the major ideas you will emphasize in your presentation Generate supporting materials<\/p>\n

Supporting materials \u2013information that bolsters and fleshes out the claims made in each of those points Includes examples, definitions, testimony, statistics, narratives, and analogies Brainstorming \u2013 the process of quickly listing every idea that comes to mind, without evaluating its merits, in order to develop a substantial list of ideas Your goal is to create a diverse list of many possible ideas Research- the process of gathering information from libraries quality, quality online sources, and interviews with sources who are knowledgeable about your topic Bibliographic information<\/p>\n

The author, the authors qualifications, the name of the source, publication date, the page on which you found relevant information Organize and Outline the body of your speech Outline- contains the text of your speech in complete sentences or briefer phrases A speech outline has 3 major parts Body-the core of your speech and is where you present you main message about your topic Always build the body first, the core of your speech Subpoints- explain, prove, or expand on your main points.<\/p>\n

In your outline, indicate each subpoint with a capital letter and indent each under its corresponding main point Subordination \u2013 each main point must relate to your specific purpose and each subpoint must relate to the main point it supports Outline your introduction and conclusion Introduction Attention getter Brief story, quotations, striking fact or statistic, or humorous incident Thesis statement Show the audience what\u2019s in it for them In one or two sentences summarize why audience members should listen Establish your credibility Indicate any relevant expertise, experience, or education you have Preview your main points<\/p>\n

No more than one sentence Conclusion \u2013 summarizes what you have said and leaves the audience with a memorable impression of your presentation Summary of your main points A brief recap of the major points you mad during your speech Clincher A closing sentence or paragraph that leaves your audience with a vivid memory of your speech Incorporate transitions Transitions \u2013 a sentence that indicates you are moving from one idea to another Between the intro and your first main point Between each main point Between the final main point and conclusion Consider your word choice<\/p>\n

Word choice (diction) \u2013can help make your speech much more memorable and engaging for listeners Consider presentation aids Presentation aid- anything that your audience members can see or hear that helps them understand and remember your message Practice your speech Extemporaneous delivery- your ability to deliver your speech smoothly and confidently from your outline without reading from it Overcoming speech anxiety Speech anxiety (stage fright) \u2013 the worry or fear that some people experience before giving a talk Select a topic you know and enjoy<\/p>\n

Start preparing early Early preparation is key Take care of yourself Plan your time so that days leading up to your speech are as relaxed as possible Visualize success visualization- reduces anxiety, you imagine yourself scoring a resounding success use relaxation techniques relaxation strategies \u2013 techniques that reduce muscle tension and negative thoughts enough rest, exercise, reading, watching a movie, listening to music\u2026 volunteer to speak first Reducing speech anxiety Feedback Visualization Going first Exercising Relaxing<\/p>\n

Ethics \u2013 rules and values that a group defines to guide conduct and distinguish between right and wrong Codes of ethics: absolute, situational, and culturally relative Ethical absolutism \u2013the belief that people should exhibit the same behavior in all situations Situational ethics \u2013 hold that correct behavior can vary depending on the situation at hand Culturally relative \u2013 cultures can vary across cultures Responsibility- when giving the speech you wield power of what your listeners thing, feel and actions they take Legal Speech, ethical speech<\/p>\n

Ethical Speech \u2013 incorporating ethical decision making into how you engage the public speaking process and ultimately what you say. Follow guidelines for telling the truth Avoid misleading the audience Legally protected speech \u2013using the law as your boundary for what you may say and how you say it Making decisions about telling the truth or withholding information based on whether there is a legal requirement to make\u2019s a certain action or a legal consequence for violating the rules Communicating truthfully Tell your audience the truth!<\/p>\n

Lying Intentionally seeking to deceive their audience Half truths When a speaker reveals only part of the truth and then mixes it with a lie False inference When a speaker presents information that lead listeners to an incorrect conclusion Speaker initially drop hints designed to make their audience believe something that isn\u2019t true. Taking evidence out of context \u2013 the speaker shares a source\u2019s data or statements without explaining how they relate to the original situation Uses these words selectively to support an argument<\/p>\n

Omission \u2013 presents mislead the audience not by what they say but by what is left unsaid Acknowledging the work of others Plagiarism \u2013 presenting another person\u2019s words or ideas as if they were your own Quoting from a source Paraphrasing the works of others Paraphrasing \u2013 restating the original authors ideas in her own words Common knowledge Information that is widely known and disseminated in many sources Using sound reasoning Fallacious reasoning \u2013 faulty reasoning in which the link between a claim and its supporting material is weak 4 ways to misuse logic asty generalization \u2013 a speaker who intentionally generalizes about all members of a group from information based on limited part of the group post hoc (after the fact) fallacy \u2013 occurs when a speaker wrongly identifies the cause of one event as the event that immediately precede it personal attacks (ad hominem attacks) \u2013 some speakers try to compensate for weak argument by using this bandwagoning (ad populum fallacy)- avoid using reasoning that implies an argument must be true because most people believe it is.<\/p>\n

Common in ads and marketing Being an ethical listener Ethical audience- qualities include courtesy, open mindedness, and willingness to hold a speaker accountable for his or her statements Show courtesy Focus your attention on the speaker, stop any activities that may distract you or he speaker Demonstrate an open mind Avoid prejudging the speech or speaker Hold the speaker accountable Ask questions, say your opinion<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Public speaking is American\u2019s number one fear what is public speaking features communication between a speaker and an audience speaker does most of talking audience centered emphasizes the spoken word usually a prepared presentation Why study public speaking Use in Classroom Career Communication skills outrank all other qualities Community Least expect it Public Speaking: A […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9808,9810,9811,9814,9809,1,9813,9807,9812],"tags":[9819,9816,9588,9820,9818,9815,9822,9821,9817],"class_list":["post-73054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-affordable-college-homework-help-online-academized-essays","category-assessment-brief-help-services","category-bridge-essays","category-help-writing-my-thesis-paper-us","category-best-writers-per-hour","category-dissertation-writing","category-owl-esssays","category-research-essay-pro","category-same-day-essays","tag-best-assignment-help-in-australia","tag-best-ideas-for-research-paper-topics-in","tag-dissertation-writing-help-for-students","tag-grab-my-essays","tag-i-write-essays","tag-masters-essay-service","tag-professor-essays","tag-speedy-essays","tag-written-essay-hub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73054"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73121,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73054\/revisions\/73121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colapapers.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}